Relationship between Bone Age, Chronological Age, Anthropometric Parameters, and Diagnosed Pulse Rate on secondary sexual character development of child-Adolescence

Youngkwern Lim; Seorim Min; Kwang-Wook Hur; Heeman Kim; Sang-Yeol Chun; Kyeung-Suk Suh; Yong Kim; Hoon Lee; Hi-Joon Park; You-sang Baik; Hocheol Kim; Lim, Youngkwern; Min, Seorim; Hur, Kwang-Wook; Kim, Heeman; Chun, Sang-Yeol; Suh, Kyeung-Suk; Kim, Yong; Lee, Hoon; Park, Hi-Joon; Baik, You-sang; Kim, Hocheol

doi:10.13048/jkm.14009

JKM > Volume 35(1); 2014 > Article

Lim, Min, Hur, Kim, Chun, Suh, Kim, Lee, Park, Baik, and Kim: Relationship between Bone Age, Chronological Age, Anthropometric Parameters, and Diagnosed Pulse Rate on secondary sexual character development of child-Adolescence

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine 2014; 35(1): 88-98.

Published online: March 30, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.14009

Relationship between Bone Age, Chronological Age, Anthropometric Parameters, and Diagnosed Pulse Rate on secondary sexual character development of child-Adolescence

Youngkwern Lim^{, 1}^{, *}, Seorim Min²^{, *}, Kwang-Wook Hur¹, Heeman Kim¹, Sang-Yeol Chun³, Kyeung-Suk Suh⁴, Yong Kim⁵, Hoon Lee⁶, Hi-Joon Park², You-sang Baik⁷, Hocheol Kim⁸

¹Aijoa Korean Medical Clinic Suwon

²Dept. of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University

³Aijoa Korean Medical Clinic Busan

⁴Aijoa Korean Medical Clinic Pyungtaek

⁵Suwon Jaseng Hospital of Korean Eastern Medicine

⁶Gangnam Inuri Korean Medical Clinic

⁷Dept. of Korean Medicine Classics, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University

⁸Dept. of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University

Equal contributor:

* Two authors contributed equally to this article.

Correspondence to: 임영권(Youngkwern Lim)경기도 수원시 영통구 영통동 959-4 다모아플라자 501, Tel: +82-31-273-3375, Fax: +82-31-273-3385, E-mail: kinddoctor@hanmail.net

Received February 14, 2014 Revised March 25, 2014 Accepted March 25, 2014

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between bone age, chronological age, anthropometric parameters, and diagnosed pulse rate on child-adolescence’s growth according to sex and the revelation of secondary sexual characteristics.

Methods:

Growth-concerned 44 children and adolescence (from 6 to 16 years) were analyzed in retrospective study. They visited Korean Medical Clinic in Suwon, Korea from January 2012 to October 2013. Individual bone age (BA), chronological age (CA), Risser sign, anthropometric parameters, and pulse rate were measured. The correlations of each variable were done by Pearson analysis, Spearman analysis and Regression analysis.

Results:

1. The female group was shown to have stronger negative correlation between pulse rate and BA, CA than the male group. In gender analysis, the female group showed negative correlation between weight and pulse rate. 2. In a further analysis according to the revelation of secondary sexual characteristics, the group of child-adolescent without secondary sexual characteristics was shown to have stronger negative correlation between pulse rate and BA, CA than the group with secondary sexual characteristics. The height percentile and pulse rate were negative correlation in secondary sexual character being. 3. The Risser sign and pulse rate were not correlated in this study.

Conclusions:

These findings suggested that a regular and continual measurement of pulse rate is effective in estimating potential for growth in child-adolescent group.

Keywords: Children and Adolescence, Growth, Korean

Fig. 1

Flow chart

Fig. 2

Scatter plot of pulse rate and bone age according to sex.

Fig. 3

Scatter plot of pulse rate and chronological age according to sex.

Fig. 4

Scatter plot of pulse rate and bone age according to the revelation of secondary sexual character

Fig. 5

Scatter plot of pulse rate and chronological age according to the revelation of secondary sexual character

Table 1

Characteristics of the Children and Adolescence Included in the Present Study

	Male (n=19)	Female (n=25)	Total (n=44)
CA (months)	158.6±23.7	120.9±26.5	137.2±31.4
Bone age (months)	162.3±28.6	120.0±29.0	138.2±35.6
MPH (cm)	170.5±3.3	157.8±3.9	163.3±7.3
Heart rate (N/min)	76.9±10.4	83.6±8.6	80.7±9.9
Height (cm)	157.1±13.0	135.6±13.4	144.8±16.9
Height Percentile (%)	52.6±25.3	40.0±28.9	45.5±27.8
Weight (kg)	48.5±9.9	32.6±10.1	39.5±12.7
Weight Percentile (%)	47.5±21.8	41.1±30.4	43.9±26.9
BMI (kg/m2)	19.5±2.3	17.4±2.8	18.3±2.8
BMI Percentile (%)	44.8±22.5	43.6±28.9	44.1±26.1

CA, Chronological Age; MPH, Mid Parental Height; N, Number; BMI, Body Mass Index

Table 2

The Correlation Analysis of Pulse Rate and Variables according to Sex

	r (p-value)

	Male (n=19)	Female (n=25)
Bone age	−0.549 (0.015)	−0.686 (0.000)
Chronological age	−0.546 (0.016)	−0.683 (0.000)
BMI	0.151 (0.538)	−0.187 (0.370)
BMI percentile	0.379 (0.110)	0.112 (0.593)
Height	−0.682 (0.001)	−0.722 (0.000)
Height percentile	−0.428 (0.068)	−0.206 (0.323)
Weight	−0.446 (0.056)	−0.492 (0.013)
Weight percentile	0.094 (0.701)	−0.025 (0.904)

BMI, Body Mass Index

Table 3

The Correlation Analysis of Pulse Rate and Variables according to the Revelation of Secondary Sexual Character

	r (p-value)

	Nothing (n=16)	Being (n=28)
Bone age	−0.807 (0.000)	−0.441 (0.019)
Chronological age	−0.788 (0.000)	−0.437 (0.020)
BMI	0.016 (0.954)	0.036 (0.856)
BMI percentile	0.447 (0.082)	0.173 (0.380)
Height	−0.756 (0.001)	−0.607 (0.001)
Height percentile	−0.094 (0.730)	−0.411 (0.030)
Weight	−0.575 (0.020)	−0.373 (0.051)
Weight percentile	0.294 (0.269)	−0.076 (0.700)

BMI, Body Mass Index

Table 4

Bone Age and Chronological Age of the Children and Adolescence Included in Risser Sign Analysis

	BA (CA), months

	Male	Female	Total
RS 3 step	176.7±5.8 (159.3±9.5)	163.0±0.0 (150.0±0.0)	173.3±8.3 (157.0±9.1)
RS 4 step	183.0±3.2 (178.5±8.3)	180.0±0.0 (175.0±4.2)	182.4±3.1 (177.8±7.6)

RS, Risser sign

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