A Pilot Study on the Association between Iris parameters and 8 Constitutional Medicine : Retrospective Chart Review

Ka-Hye Choi; Young-Bae Park; Min-Yong Kim; Young-Jae Park; Choi, Ka-Hye; Park, Young-Bae; Kim, Min-Yong; Park, Young-Jae

doi:10.13048/jkm.18015

JKM > Volume 39(2); 2018 > Article

Choi, Park, Kim, and Park: A Pilot Study on the Association between Iris parameters and 8 Constitutional Medicine: Retrospective Chart Review

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2018; 39(2): 56-63.

Published online: June 30, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.18015

A Pilot Study on the Association between Iris parameters and 8 Constitutional Medicine: Retrospective Chart Review

Ka-Hye Choi¹

, Young-Bae Park¹^{, 3}, Min-Yong Kim¹^{, 2}, Young-Jae Park¹^{, 3}

¹Department of Human Informatics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung-Hee University

²School of Management, Kyung-Hee University

³Department of Biofunctional Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung-Hee University

Correspondence to: 박영재(Young-Jae Park), Department of Human Informatics of Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung-Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea, Tel: +82-2-440-7229, Fax: +82-2-440-7242, E-mail: omdyj@hanmail.net

Received May 14, 2018 Revised May 31, 2018 Accepted June 14, 2018

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of some iris parameters in predicting the 8 constitution

Methods

From November 2012 to February 2018, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 171 patients who were visited to the Korean Oriental Clinic. We conducted a stepwise binary logistic regression analysis to find the association between Iris parameters and 8 constitutional Medicine.

Results

Automic Nerve Wreath Ration (ANWR) was larger and toxic radii was longer in Earth and Wood constitutions than Metal and water constitution. ANWR was larger and pupil are ratio(PAR) was smaller in Wood constitutions than Earth constitutions. And others did not show significant results.

Conclusions

This study suggests that the relationship between some of the iris parameters and 8 constitution was significant, but more accurate follow-up study is needed.

Keywords: 8 Constitutional Medicine, 8 constitution, Iris, Iris parameter

Fig. 1

Flow chart of retrospective chart review for the iris parameters and the relationships between iris parameters and Eight Constitution Medicine Type. ANWAR: autonomic nerve wreath area ratio, PAR: pupil area ratio.

Fig. 2

Video iriscope

Fig. 3

Definitions of ANWAR and PAR. ANWAR: autonomic nerve wreath area ratio, PAR: pupil area ratio. “A” indicates the length of the Autonomic Nerve Wreath(ANW). “B” indicates the length of the iris, including the ANW. “C” indicates the total length of the eye, consisting of the iris and pupil. “D” indicates the length of the pupil. In this study, ANWAR was defined as π/π, and PAR was defined as π/π,

Fig. 4

Five iridological markers used in grading or calculating the six iris parameters. A: lacunae, B: pigment dot, C: nerve rings, D: Autonomic Nerve Wreath(ANW), E: toxic radii.

Fig. 5

The blood vessels of the iris

Table 1

Comparison of Demographic Characteristics According to CS and HS

scale	Grade 1	Grade 2	Grade 3	Grade 4
Iris Density	Absence of lacuna	1–3 lacunas	4–6 lacunas	More than seven lacunas
Pigment	Absence of pigment	One pigment	More than two pigments
Nerve Ring	Circular arc of the nerve ring less than one-fourth the circular arc of the outer iris circumference	Circular arc of the nerve ring ranging from one-fourth to four-fifths the circular arc of the outer iris circumference Length of the	Circular arc of the nerve ring more than four-fifths the circular arc of the outer iris circumference
Toxic Radii	Length of the toxic radii less than one-fifth the of the total radius of the eye	Length of the toxic radii ranging from one-fifth to one-third the length of the total radius of the eye	Length of the toxic radii ranging more than one-third the length of the total radius of the eye

Among the four iris parameters, pigment, nerve ring, and toxic radii were graded on a three-point scale, and iris density was graded on a four-point scale

Table 2

Binary Logistic Regression of Iris and 8 constitution

step		B	S.E,	Wals	Sig.	Exp(B)	95% C.I. for EXP(B)

							Lower	Upper
1^st analysis	ANWR(ratio)	6.944	2.163	10.310	.001	1036.767	14.958	71861.469
	Toxic radii(grade)	.607	.228	7.101	.008	1.835	1.174	2.869
	Constant	−2.170	.591	13.466	.000	.114

2^nd analysis	Lacunae(grade)	−.370	.205	3.272	.070	.690	.462	1.031
	Toxic radii(grade)	.820	.459	3.189	.074	2.270	.923	5.584
	Constant	−.001	.790	.000	.999	.999

3^rd analysis	ANWR(ratio)	13.528	4.141	10.674	.001	750503.544	224.259	2.512E9
	PAR(ratio)	−17.961	9.957	3.254	.071	.000	.000	4.730
	Constant	−1.035	1.188	.759	.384	.355

SE:standard error, ANWR:autonomic nerve wreath ratio, PAR:pupil area ratio

*** p<0.001,

** p<0.01

Table 3

Model summary. R square.

step	−2 Log likelihood	Cox & Snell R square	Nagelkerke R square
1	217.289a	.102	.136
2	108.966a	.085	.114
3	95.926a	.217	.292

Table 4

Hosmer and Lemeshow Test

step	Chi-square	df	Sig.
1	7.440	8	.490
2	7.052	4	.133
3	12.138	8	.145

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