The association between sleep and weight loss among adult women with obesity administered with <i>Gamitaeeumjowee-tang</i>

Eom-Jee Lee; Young-Bae Park; Young-Woo Lim; Seo-Young Kim; Lee, Eom-Jee; Park, Young-Bae; Lim, Young-Woo; Kim, Seo-Young

doi:10.13048/jkm.20023

JKM > Volume 41(3); 2020 > Article

Lee, Park, Lim, and Kim: The association between sleep and weight loss among adult women with obesity administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2020; 41(3): 22-31.

Published online: September 01, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.20023

The association between sleep and weight loss among adult women with obesity administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang

Eom-Jee Lee¹

, Young-Bae Park²

, Young-Woo Lim¹^{, 2}

, Seo-Young Kim¹^{, 2}^{, *}

¹Nubebe Korean Medical Clinic

²Nubebe Mibyeong Research Institute

Correspondence to: Seo-Young Kim, Nubebe Mibyeong Research Institute, 6F, 515, Seolleung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea [06150], Tel: +82-70-5148-7608, Fax: +82-2-566-2252, E-mail: woori4025@hanmail.net

Received July 16, 2020 Revised August 05, 2020 Accepted August 06, 2020

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sleep status and weight loss among adult women with obesity administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 137 patients who were were administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for 3 months for the purpose of weight loss. We divided subjects according to sleep duration and sleep quality. We conducted an independent t-test to compare the differences of weight loss between two groups. Also, a regression analysis was applied to determine which factors affected weight loss.

Results

There was no significant difference in weight loss between patients who sleep more than 7 hours regularly and patients who sleep less than 7 hours. There was no significant difference between good sleepers and poor sleepers. Initial body mass index and the number of visits to the clinic were the significant factors in weight loss in 2–4 weeks. Initial weight loss was the significant factor in weight loss in 10–12 weeks. There was no significant correlation of sleep duration and sleep quality in weight loss in 2–4 weeks and 10–12 weeks.

Conclusions

This study suggests that weight loss may not be affected by sleep status during Gamitaeeumjowee-tang intervention.

Keywords: Obesity management, Weight loss, Sleep

Table 1

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria
Age range of 19–59 years Obesity (Body Mass Index equal to or greater than 25) Administered “Gamitaeeumjowee-tang” for weight loss Revisited for follow up at 2~4 weeks and/or 10~14 weeks from the first visit
Exclusion criteria
Heart disease (Heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, etc.), uncontrolled hypertension, past history of stroke or ischemic heart attack Glaucoma Serious neurological or psychological diseases (schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholics, drug addiction, anorexia, bulimia nervosa, etc.) Malignant tumor, liver failure, renal failure Pregnant women, breast feeding women, women with a pregnancy plan or disapproval of contraception Patients taking tuberculosis drugs, asthma drugs, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors(MAOIs) A present state of metabolic diseases that might affect body weight (ex. hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, etc.) Other chronic neurological or systemic disease Past use of medication for weight loss in last 3 months Weight loss of more than 10% of body weight in recent 6 months Have surgical treatment for weight loss during the program Have not taken minimal recommended amount(less than ¾) of Gamitaeeumjoweetang

Table 2

Baseline Characteristic of the Subjects

Characteristic	Mean±SD or Number(%)(n=137)	Sleep duration			Sleep quality

		≥ 7 hours (n=86)	< 7 hours (n=51)	p-value	Good sleeper (n=49)	Poor sleeper (n=88)	p-value
Age (year)	36.03±8.53	34.28±8.83	38.12±7.53	0.011	35.65±8.70	35.74±8.52	0.955

Anthropometry
Height (cm)	160.97±5.38	161.21±5.30	160.57±5.54	0.503	160.31±5.99	161.34±5.00	0.283
Body weight (kg)	76.44±11.26	76.12±10.73	76.98±12.19	0.668	73.99±8.73	77.80±12.28	0.057
Body Mass Index (BMI)	29.47±3.89	29.27±3.76	29.81±4.12	0.436	28.81±3.34	29.84±4.14	0.137
Body Fat Mass (kg)	32.04±7.84	31.85±7.65	32.35±8.21	0.718	30.67±6.66	32.80±8.56	0.128
Percentage of Body Fat (%)	41.47±4.61	41.41±4.78	41.53±4.34	0.855	41.10±4.85	41.67±4.48	0.489

Alcohol
No	37 (27.0)	21 (24.4)	16 (31.4)	0.643	14 (28.6)	23 (26.1)	0.423
≤1 time/week	61 (44.5)	38 (44.2)	23 (45.1)		20 (40.8)	41 (46.6)
2–3 times/week	33 (24.1)	22 (25.6)	11 (21.6)		11 (22.4)	22 (25.0)
≥4 times/week	6 (4.4)	5 (5.8)	1 (2.0)		4 (8.2)	2 (2.3)

Coffee
No	16 (11.7)	12 (14.0)	4 (7.8)	0.754	6 (12.2)	10 (11.4)	0.898
≤1 cup/day	37 (27.0)	23 (26.7)	14 (27.5)		15 (30.6)	22 (25.0)
2–3 cups/day	75 (54.7)	46 (53.5)	29 (56.9)		25 (51.0)	50 (56.8)
≥4 cups/day	9 (6.6)	5 (5.8)	4 (7.8)		3 (6.1)	6 (6.8)

Notes:

* Statistically significant (p<0.05)

Abbreviations: SD, Standard Deviation.

Table 3

Comparison of Weight Loss and Weight Loss Rate at 2–4 Weeks and 10–14 Weeks According to Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality

	Sleep duration			Sleep quality

	≥ 7 hours	< 7 hours	p-value	Good sleeper	Poor sleeper	p-value
2–4 weeks (n=120)
Number	76	44		43	77
Weight loss (kg)	2.80±1.46	3.21±1.28	0.127	2.97±1.20	2.94±1.52	0.911
Weight loss rate (%)	3.70±1.97	4.19±1.60	0.170	4.02±1.52	3.80±2.01	0.526

10–12 weeks (n=58)
Number	30	28		22	36
Weight loss (kg)	7.24±2.84	7.99±3.02	0.332	7.65±2.98	7.57±2.93	0.924
Weight loss rate (%)	9.86±3.99	10.49±3.59	0.531	10.48±4.14	9.97±3.60	0.627

Table 4

Multiple Linear Regression Modes for Weight Loss at 2–4 Weeks

	B	SE	β	t	p-value	Collinerarity
	B	SE	β	t	p-value	Tolerance	VIF
(Constant)	−0.191	1.040		−0.184	0.854
Initial BMI	0.071	0.032	0.195	2.212	0.029	0.994	1.007
Number of visits	0.786	0.260	0.266	3.018	0.003	0.994	1.007

Note: R²=.100, adjusted R²=.085, F=6.505, p=.002, Durbin-Watson=2.133

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, Standard Error; β, standardized coefficient; t, t-statistic; VIF, Variation Inflation Factor; BMI, Body Mass Index.

Table 5

Multiple Linear Regression Modes for Weight Loss at 10–12 Weeks

	B	SE	β	t	p-value	Collinerarity
	B	SE	β	t	p-value	Tolerance	VIF
(Constant)	2.861	0.922		3.104	0.004
Initial weight loss	1.352	0.254	0.649	5.324	0.000	1.000	1.000

Note: R²=.421, adjusted R²=.406, F=28.342, p=.000, Durbin-Watson=2.051

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, Standard Error; β, standardized coefficient; t, t-statistic; VIF, Variation Inflation Factor.

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