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JKM > Volume 43(1); 2022 > Article
Song, Choi, and Kim: Analysis of factors affecting Korean Medicine utilization of multicultural family members

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to analyze the Korean medical utilization and Korean medical expenses by characteristics of multicultural family members to investigate whether it affects Korean medical utilization.

Methods

This study utilized The Korea Health Panel data in 2018, with 238 final participants. We performed a t-test and ANOVA on the difference between Korean medical utilization and Korean medical expenses according to Anderson’s Model of Health Service Utilization variables. Logistic regression analysis and generalized linear model analysis were conducted to analyze Korean medical utilization factors.

Results

The Korean Medical utilization was 12.61% among the multicultural family members. As a result of regression analysis, the female had high Korean medical utilization(p=.008), and rural area residents had low utilization(p=.017). Korean medical expenses were high when they were female or married. Including the utilization of western medical services by outpatients, Korean medical expenses were high when they were female or outpatients who received western medical services.

Conclusions

As a result of this study, the factors influencing Korean medical utilization were gender and residence area. There were differences in Korean medical expenses depending on western medical services use or gender. Therefore, it is necessary to use these factors to expand the Korean Medical utilization by multicultural family members, and research of the Korean medical utilization by disease is needed.

Fig. 1
Flow chart of sample selection
jkm-43-1-60f1.gif
Table 1
General characteristics of participants (N=238)
Category Total n(%) or mean±SD Korean medical service use n(%) or mean±SD Korean medical service expenses

Nonuser User p-value mean±SD p-value
Total
- 208(87.39) 30(12.61) - 22,146±221,937 -

Western medical service
No 35(14.71) 33(94.29) 2(5.71) .184 1,009±2,967 .144
Use 203(85.29) 175(86.21) 28(13.79) 25,791±240,195

Predisposing factors
Gender Male 106(44.54) 8(7.55)) .035* 2,223±13,393 .168
Female 132(55.46) 22(16.67) 38,145±297,303

Age(years) 35.84±23.17 34.31±23.20 46.47±20.21 .004** - -

Education level Less than primary 81(34.03) 75(92.59) 6(7.41) .209 2,509±12,561 <.001***
Less than secondary 109(45.80) 93(85.32) 16(14.68) 13,673±60,154
More than tertiary 48(20.17) 40(83.33) 8(16.67) 74,525±485,962

Spouse None 114(47.90) 106(92.98) 8(7.02) .013* 3,650±14,980 .201
Yes 124(52.10) 102(82.26) 22(17.74) 39,151±306,746

Enabling factors
Household Income (10,000 won) 2,412±943 2,405±947 2,459±930 .771 - -

Residence area Urban 155(65.13) 130(83.87) 25(16.13) .025* 32,986±274,601 .161
Rural 83(34.87) 78(93.98) 5(6.02) 1,904±10,454

Need factors
Disability No 227(95.38) 200(88.11) 27(11.89) .133 22,637±227,214 .521
Yes 11(4.62) 8(72.73) 3(27.27) 12,009±22,279

Numbers of chronic disease - 0.94±1.52 1.83±2.18 .005** - -

Chronic disease of musculoskeletal system No 195(81.93) 173(88.72) 22(11.28) .190 23,860±243.673 .631
Yes 43(18.07) 35(81.40) 8(18.60) 14,372±60,051

Chronic disease of circulatory system No 209(87.82) 187(89.49) 22(10.53) .009** 23,789±236,741 .423
Yes 29(12.18) 21(72.41) 8(27.59) 10,303±20,173

Chronic disease of respiratory system No 218(91.60) 191(87.61) 27(12.39) .736 8,501±43,700 .347
Yes 20(8.40) 17(85.00) 3(15.00) 170,880±753,107

† *–p<.05, **p<.01, ***p<.001

‡ Korea won

Table 2
Use of Korean medical services by multicultural family members in 2018 (N=238)
Category Korean medical service use n(%) No of annual Korean medical service use mean±SD Annual Korean medical service expenses mean±SD(won)
Multicultural family members 30(12.61) 1.04±4.11 22,146±221,937
Table 3
Use of Korean medical services by diseases in 2018 (N=238)
Cases n(%) Expenses won(%)
Total 248(100.00) 5,270,800(100.00)
M00-M99(Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue) 194(78.23) 1,672,500(31.73)
S00-T98(Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external cause) 30(12.10) 35,700(0.68)
G00-G99(Diseases of the nervous system) 18(7.26) 63,200(1.10)
K00-K93(Diseases of the digestive system) 4(1.61) 26,900(1.20)
Others 32(12.90) 3,925,600(74.48)

† Duplicate responses

Table 4
Use of Korean medical services by treatment method diseases in 2018 (N=238)
Cases n(%) Expenses won(%)
Total 248(100.00) 5,270,800(100.00)
Acupuncture, moxibustion, and cupping 233(93.95) 5,212,100(98.89)
Herbal medicine 29(11.69) 4,291,000(81.41)
Chuna 0(0.00) 0(0.00)
Herbal medicine acupuncture(including Bee-venom Acupuncture) 16(6.45) 209,700(3.98)
Physical Theraphy 171(68.95) 623,300(11.83)
Others 2(0.81) 13,600(0.26)

† Duplicate responses

Table 5
The results of logistic regression analysis on the factors of Korean Medicine using in multicultural family members
Variables Excluding western medical service use variable Including western medical service use variable

OR p-value OR p-value
Western medical service use
 No (Ref) - -
 Yes - - 2.38 .306

Predisposing factors
Gender
 Male (Ref)
 Female 3.43 .008** 3.32 .009**
 Age (year) 1.01 .787 1.01 .678

Education level
 Less than primary (Ref)
 Less than secondary 1.55 .498 1.66 .423
 More than tertiary 2.36 .216 2.83 .146

Spouse
 No (Ref)
 Yes 2.51 .093 2.10 .221

Enabling factors
 Household Income (10,000 won) 1.00 .154 1.00 .145
 Residence area
 Urban (Ref)
 Rural 0.26 .017* 0.24 .012*

Need factors
 Disability
 No (Ref)
 Yes 2.37 .165 2.26 .194
 Numbers of chronic disease (n) 1.29 .156 1.23 .279

Chronic disease of musculoskeletal system
 No (Ref)
 Yes 0.49 .285 0.52 .324

Chronic disease of circulatory system
 No (Ref)
 Yes 2.22 .314 2.18 .322

Chronic disease of respiratory system
 No (Ref)
 Yes 0.72 .598 0.79 .708
Constant 0.0233 0.0132
Log Likelihood −74.4032 −73.7888
Goodness of fit test p-value .3068 .4072
c-Statistics 0.7790 0.7828
Mean VIF 1.81 1.82

† * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001

‡ OR = odds ratio

∮ Household income was adjusted by dividing it by the square root of the number of household members.

Table 6
The results of generalized linear model analysis on the factors of Korean Medicine cost in multicultural family members
Variables Excluding western medical service use variable Including western medical service use variable

Coef p-value Coef p-value
Western medical service use
 No (Ref)
 Yes - - 17.16 .032*

Predisposing factors
 Gender
 Male (Ref)
 Female 20.70 .021* 20.19 .023*
 Age (year) 0.05 .288 0.04 .474
 Education level
 Less than primary (Ref)
 Less than secondary 12.74 .183 12.89 .068
 More than tertiary −0.50 .845 0.72 .766
 Spouse
 No (Ref)
 Yes 17.92 .045* 16.70 .065

Enabling factors
 Household Income (10,000 won) 0.00 .201 0.00 .334
 Residence area
 Urban (Ref)
 Rural −13.54 .162 −12.63 .090

Need factors
 Disability
 No (Ref)
 Yes −12.92 .218 −11.34 .273
 Numbers of chronic disease (n) −7.00 .138 −7.24 .158
 Chronic disease of musculoskeletal system
 No (Ref)
 Yes −6.83 .322 −7.24 .158
 Chronic disease of circulatory system
 No (Ref)
 Yes 42.77 .121 42.41 .129
 Chronic disease of respiratory system
 No (Ref)
 Yes 2.92 .567 3.48 .598

Constant −13.1178 −30.9038
Log lilelihood −1855.9091 −1463.4854
Deviance(1/df) 4.2960 4.8062
AIC 15.7051 12.4158
BIC −264.6605 −149.1925
link test p-value .461 .542

† * p<.05, ** p<.01, *** p<.001

‡ Coef = Coefficient

∮ Household income was adjusted by dividing it by the square root of the number of household members.

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