Kweon, Ryu, Kim, Oh, Jang, Park, and Bae: Network pharmacology-based prediction of efficacy and mechanism of Chongmyunggongjin-dan acting on Alzheimer’s disease
Original Article
The Journal of Korean Medicine 2023; 44(2): 106-118.
1Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University
2Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University
3Department of Herbology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University
Correspondence to: Gi-Sang Bae, Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, 54538 Jeonbuk, South Korea, Tel: +82-63-850-6842, E-mail: baegs888@wku.ac.kr
a Equally contributed
Received April 12, 2023 Revised May 9, 2023 Accepted May 10, 2023
Abstract
Objectives
Network pharmacology is a method of constructing and analyzing a drug-compound-target network to predict potential efficacy and mechanisms related to drug targets. In that large-scale analysis can be performed in a short time, it is considered a suitable tool to explore the function and role of herbal medicine. Thus, we investigated the potential functions and pathways of Chongmyunggongjin-dan (CMGJD) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD) via network pharmacology analysis.
Methods
Using public databases and PubChem database, compounds of CMGJD and their target genes were collected. The putative target genes of CMGJD and known target genes of AD were compared and found the correlation. Then, the network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.9.1. and functional enrichment analysis was conducted based on the Gene Ontology (GO) Biological process and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathways to predict the mechanisms.
Results
The result showed that total 104 compounds and 1157 related genes were gathered from CMGJD. The network consisted of 1157nodes and 10034 edges. 859 genes were interacted with AD gene set, suggesting that the effects of CMGJD are closely related to AD. Target genes of CMGJD are considerably associated with various pathways including ‘Positive regulation of chemokine production’, ‘Cellular response to toxic substance’, ‘Arachidonic acid metabolic process’, ‘PI3K-Akt signaling pathway’, ‘Metabolic pathways’, ‘IL-17 signaling pathway’ and ‘Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction’.
Conclusion
Through a network pharmacological method, CMGJD was predicted to have high relevance with AD by regulating inflammation. This study could be used as a basis for effects of CMGJD on AD.
(A) Network of CMGJD with 1157nodes and 10034edges. (B) Veen diagram of intersection targets between CMGJD and the gene sets of Alzheimer’s disease. (C) Network of common genes of CMGJD and Alzheimer’s disease.
Fig. 2
Biological processes related to targets of CMGJD using GO Biological process database.
Fig. 3
Biological processes related to targets of CMGJD using KEGG Pathways database.
Table 1
List of the compounds from Chongmyunggongjin-dan with the Pubchem ID
Compound
Pubchem ID
Origin
Poricoic acid A
5471851
P.cocos Wolf
Poricoic acid B
5471852
P.cocos Wolf
Pachymic acid
5484385
P.cocos Wolf
Polyporenic acid C
9805290
P.cocos Wolf
Eburicoic acid
10004946
P.cocos Wolf
Tumulosic acid
12314446
P.cocos Wolf
Dehydrotumulosic acid
15225964
P.cocos Wolf
Dehydropachymic acid
15226717
P.cocos Wolf
Dehydroeburicoic acid
15250826
P.cocos Wolf
15R-hydroxydehydrotumulosic acid
16736459
P.cocos Wolf
Dehydrotrametenonic acid
44424826
P.cocos Wolf
Poricoic acid D
44424827
P.cocos Wolf
Poricoic acid C
56668247
P.cocos Wolf
Androsterone
5879
Moschus
Cholesterol
5997
Moschus
Cholestanol
6665
Moschus
5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol
134494
Moschus
Androstanedione
222865
Moschus
5β-androstane-3,17-dione
440114
Moschus
5α-androstane-3β,17α-diol
446934
Moschus
5α-cholestane
2723895
Moschus
2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol
332
P.tenuifolia
2-hydroxybenzoic acid
338
P.tenuifolia
Sucrose
5988
P.tenuifolia
A.gigas
1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethan-1-one
14328
P.tenuifolia
Propyl benzoate
16846
P.tenuifolia
Phenyl acetate
31229
P.tenuifolia
3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid
717531
P.tenuifolia
3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid
735755
P.tenuifolia
Gentisin
5281636
P.tenuifolia
Mangiferin
5281647
P.tenuifolia
Sibiricose A6
6326021
P.tenuifolia
Tenuifoliside B
10055215
P.tenuifolia
Onjisaponin F
10701737
P.tenuifolia
Polygalaxanthone III
11169063
P.tenuifolia
3,6′-di-O-sinapoyl sucrose
11968389
P.tenuifolia
Tenuifoliside C
11968391
P.tenuifolia
Senegin III
21669942
P.tenuifolia
Tenuifoliside A
46933844
P.tenuifolia
β-asarone
5281758
A.gramineus
α-asarone
636822
A.gramineus
Eugenol
3314
A.gramineus
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde
126
Cervi Parvum cornu
Uracil
1174
Cervi Parvum cornu
Progesterone
5994
Cervi Parvum cornu
Testosterone
6013
Cervi Parvum cornu
Uridine
6029
Cervi Parvum cornu
3′-cytidine monophosphate
66535
Cervi Parvum cornu
3′-uridine monophosphate
101543
Cervi Parvum cornu
2′-cytidine monophosphate
101544
Cervi Parvum cornu
Gallic acid
370
C.officinalis
Oleanolic acid
10494
C.officinalis
Ursolic acid
64945
C.officinalis
(−)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate
65056
C.officinalis
Loganic acid
89640
C.officinalis
Cornuside
131348
C.officinalis
Sweroside
161036
C.officinalis
Secoxyloganin
162868
C.officinalis
β-sitosterol
222284
C.officinalis
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
237332
C.officinalis
Tellimagrandin II
442679
C.officinalis
p-coumaric acid
637542
C.officinalis
Caffeic acid
689043
C.officinalis
Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide
5274585
C.officinalis
Quercetin
5280343
C.officinalis
Kaempferol
5280863
C.officinalis
Hyperoside
5281643
C.officinalis
Kaempferide
5281666
C.officinalis
Caftaric acid
6440397
C.officinalis
Morronisde
11304302
C.officinalis
Tachioside
11962143
C.officinalis
Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside
15959354
C.officinalis
7-O-Galloyl-D-sedoheptulose
42636959
C.officinalis
Butoxysuccinic acid
71722049
C.officinalis
Acetate
176
A.gigas
Formate
284
A.gigas
Choline
305
A.gigas
Citrate
311
A.gigas
Malate
525
A.gigas
Histamine
774
A.gigas
Succinate
1110
A.gigas
Xanthotoxin
4114
A.gigas
Glucose
5793
A.gigas
Alanine
5950
A.gigas
Histidine
6274
A.gigas
Valine
6287
A.gigas
Arginine
6322
A.gigas
Nodakenin
26305
A.gigas
Isoimperatorin
68081
A.gigas
N-acetylglutamate
70914
A.gigas
Lactose
84571
A.gigas
Marmesin
334704
A.gigas
Decursin
442126
A.gigas
Decursinol
442127
A.gigas
Fumarate
444972
A.gigas
Ferulic acid
445858
A.gigas
Decursinol angelate
776123
A.gigas
Chlorogenic acid
1794427
A.gigas
Demethylsuberosin
5316525
A.gigas
Peucedanone
5324562
A.gigas
Coniferylferulate
6441913
A.gigas
Columbianetin O-β-D-glucopyranoside
6453269
A.gigas
Table 2
List of the common genes of Chongmyunggongjin-dan and Alzheimer’s disease gene sets.
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