A Comparative Analysis of Traditional Korean and Chinese Medicine Treatments for Lung Cancer : from a Cancer Treatment Book and Case Reports

Hyeong Joon Jun; Jun, Hyeong Joon

doi:10.13048/jkm.24040

JKM > Volume 45(3); 2024 > Article

Jun: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional Korean and Chinese Medicine Treatments for Lung Cancer: from a Cancer Treatment Book and Case Reports

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2024; 45(3): 91-102.

Published online: September 1, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.24040

A Comparative Analysis of Traditional Korean and Chinese Medicine Treatments for Lung Cancer: from a Cancer Treatment Book and Case Reports

Hyeong Joon Jun^*

Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Correspondence to: Hyeong Joon Jun, Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea, Tel:+82-42-868-9556, E-mai:jeonhj@kiom.re.kr, jhj07200@naver.com

Received July 9, 2024 Revised July 25, 2024 Accepted August 19, 2024

Abstract

Objectives

Recent trends in traditional Korean medicine (TKM) lung cancer treatment involve the administration of a few ready-made herbal formulas in batches. However, utilizing a TKM pathology-based formulation of herbs can fill in the gaps in holistic treatment that are often missed in a one-size-fits-all approach. The author aimed to analyze treatment trends between a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) cancer treatment specialty book and a series of Korean lung cancer TKM treatment case reports.

Methods

The frequently used pattern identification types, herbal formulas, and herbs in the lung cancer chapter of a TCM cancer treatment specialty book and case reports of TKM treatment of lung cancer were analyzed in a comparative manner.

Results

Twenty-four pattern identification types for lung cancer were derived from the TCM book, and they were Phlegm-blood stasis, lung heat, and deficiency type. Six types of pattern identification types were derived from the 20 cases reports of TKM treatment, and they were blood stasis due to qi stagnation and deficiency type. Twelve cases were treated with ready-made anti-tumor herbal preparations without performing a pattern identification, accounting for two-thirds of the cases.

Conclusions

The treatment of lung cancer in TCM is characterized by the use of pattern identification to formulate herbal formulas with simultaneous administration of anti-tumor herbs within the same formula. The treatment of lung cancer in TKM is relatively infrequent in its use of pattern identification. In addition, herbal formulas derived through the process of pattern identification and derived for anti-tumor purposes were often administered separately.

Keywords: lung cancer, pattern identification, traditional Korean medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, traditional pathology

Symptoms Targeted for Treatment

Symptoms Targeted for Treatment	Pattern Identification Diagnosis	Oral Administration Herbal Medicine	References No.
Presumably focused on pneumonia sequelae and dyspnea	氣陰兩虛	生脈散合百合固金湯加味 (百合, 生地黃, 黃芪, 玄蔘, 麥門冬, 貝母, 桔梗, 蔓蔘, 夏枯草, 半枝蓮, 甘草, 五味子, 鷄內金, 山藥, 神曲, 鼈甲, 薑半夏)	27
Cough, Rhinorrhea, Tingling in hands and feet, Generalized weakness	肺陰虛	麻杏甘石湯 extract powder (麻黃, 杏仁, 甘草, 石膏) 小靑龍湯 extract powder (麻黃, 芍藥, 細辛, 炙甘草, 乾薑, 桂枝, 五味子, 半夏) 黃芪扶正丹(黃芪, 猴頭菇, 人蔘, 丹蔘)	28
Nausea, Dyspepsia, Generalized weakness	氣血虧虛	半夏瀉心湯 extract powder (半夏, 黃連, 黃芩, 乾薑, 甘草, 大棗, 人蔘) 香砂養胃湯 (木香, 砂仁, 白朮, 陳皮, 茯苓, 制半夏, 炒香附子, 炒枳實, 白荳寇, 厚朴, 藿香, 甘草) 八物君子湯加減(人蔘, 黃芪, 白朮, 白芍藥, 當歸, 川芎, 陳皮, 甘草, 生薑, 大棗) 補中益氣湯加減 (黃芪, 人蔘, 白朮, 甘草, 當歸, 陳皮, 升麻, 柴胡) 黃芪桂枝湯 (桂枝, 白芍藥, 黃芪, 白何首烏, 當歸, 炙甘草, 生薑, 大棗) 官桂附子理中湯(人蔘, 白朮, 乾薑, 肉桂, 白芍藥, 陳皮, 甘草, 炮附子)	28
Bone metastasis pain(back), Generalized weakness	陰虛	Premium Hangam-dan (三七, 冬蟲夏草, 牛黃) 萬痛丸(牛膝, 紅麴, 肉桂, 寒水石, 乾漆, etc.)	29
Dermatitis (Chemotherapy side effect)	氣滯血瘀	Nobongsangki-Jeong(Fermented 桑寄生, 露蜂房)	30
Stomatitis (Chemotherapy side effect)	肺腎兩虛	Samchilchoongcho-Jung(三七, 冬蟲夏草, 人蔘, 乳香)	31
Esophagitis	none	Ginsenopil(山養蔘) RGS(山養蔘) Hangam-plus(三七, 冬蟲夏草, 山慈姑, 人蔘, 牛黃, 珍珠粉, 乳香, 沒藥) prn(asrequired): 蔘朮健脾湯, 荊防地黃湯, 回春凉膈散, 半夏瀉心湯, 八物湯	32
none (Tumor suppression)	none	aRVS(Allergen-removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes)	33
Cough, Hemoptysis, Dyspnea, Anorexia, Sputum	none	Hangam-dan(薏苡仁, 三七, 海馬, 冬蟲夏草, 山慈姑, 人蔘, 牛黃, 珍珠粉, 麝香) PSM(靈芝, 猴頭菇, 雲芝, 灰樹花, 香菇, 平菇, 冬蟲夏草, 猪苓) 麥門冬湯 (麥門冬, 半夏, 人蔘, 甘草, 粳米, 大棗) 桔梗湯 (甘草, 桔梗) 歸脾湯 (白朮, 茯神, 黃芪, 龍眼肉, 酸棗仁, 人蔘, 木香, 甘草, 當歸, 遠志)	34
none (Tumor suppression)	none	Hangam-dan(薏苡仁, 三七, 海馬, 冬蟲夏草, 山慈姑, 人蔘, 牛黃, 珍珠粉, 麝香)	35
none (Tumor suppression)	none	Samchilchoongcho-Jung(三七, 冬蟲夏草, 人蔘, 乳香)	36
Intercostal pain	none	蔘朮健脾湯(白朮, 山査, 陳皮, 人蔘, 神曲, 枳實, 芍藥, 甘草, 麥芽, 生薑, 厚朴, 砂仁, 茯苓, 大棗) 補中益氣湯(白朮, 黃芪, 甘草, 人蔘, 當歸, 陳皮, 柴胡, 升麻)	37
Cough, Hemoptysis, Dyspnea, Generalized weakness	none	淸肺湯(黃芩, 桔梗, 赤茯苓, 桑白皮, 陳皮, 貝母, 生薑, 大棗, 當歸, 天門冬, 杏仁, 麥門冬, 五味子, 甘草) 黃連解毒湯 extract powder (黃芩, 黃連, 黃柏, 梔子) 止血丸(當歸, 川芎, 白芍藥, 熟地黃, 炒黑地楡, 三七根, 炒黑旱蓮草, 炒黑側柏葉, 槐花, 蒲黃) 六君子湯 extract powder (人蔘, 白朮, 茯苓, 半夏, 陳皮, 大棗, 甘草, 生薑)	38
Cough, Itchy sensation of throat	none	Hangam-plus(三七, 冬蟲夏草, 山慈姑, 人蔘, 牛黃, 珍珠粉, 乳香, 沒藥)	39
Numbness in the lower extremities, Dyspepsia	none	Hangam-plus(三七, 冬蟲夏草, 山慈姑, 人蔘, 牛黃, 珍珠粉, 乳香, 沒藥)	39
Chest tightness feeling, Chest and back pain	none	Hangam-plus(三七, 冬蟲夏草, 山慈姑, 人蔘, 牛黃, 珍珠粉, 乳香, 沒藥)	39
Elevated liver enzyme levels	Diagnosis process is described, however no diagnosis result in paper	Chunggan Plus(茵蔯, 鼈甲, 萊菔子, 白朮, 澤瀉, 丹蔘, 茯苓, 蒼朮, 猪苓, 枳實, 薏苡仁, 甘草, 木香)	40
Stomatitis, Diarrhea, Dyspepsia, Fatigue, Limb pain	none	甘草瀉心湯(甘草, 黃芩, 黃連, 乾薑, 半夏, 人蔘, 大棗) 瀉胃湯(大黃, 葛根, 桔梗, 枳殼, 前胡, 杏仁, 生薑)	41
Dyspnea, Cough	none	aRVS(Allergen-removed Rhus verniciflua Stokes)	42
Skin erythema and papules, Hematochezia	none	淸心蓮子飮(蓮子肉, 人蔘, 黃芪, 茯苓, 黃芩, 車前子, 麥門冬, 地骨皮, 甘草, 連翹, 黃連, 酸棗仁, 梔子)	43

Table 1

Pattern Identification of Lung Cancer Patients

	痰瘀 Type	肺熱 Type	虛證 Type
Pattern Identification Subtype	氣陰雙虧 + 痰瘀互結, 氣陰兩虛 + 瘀毒內熾, 氣滯血瘀, 氣虛痰阻, 痰氣瘀毒互結, 痰毒瘀滯, 痰濕蘊肺, 痰瘀互結+ 邪熱熾盛, 痰熱鬱肺, 脾虛痰濕, 陰虛痰熱, 肺脾氣虛 + 痰濁阻肺, 肺瘀痰結, 肺鬱痰瘀	陰虛內熱, 陰虛毒熱, 肺毒血熱, 肺熱陰虛, 熱傷肺絡 + 熱邪迫血亡行	氣陰兩虛, 脾虛失運, 陰陽兩虛, 肺脾氣虛, 肺脾兩虛, 肺腎陰虛, 肺虛津傷

Table 2

Subtypes of 痰瘀 Type and Lists of Herbs Used for Treatment

痰瘀 Subtype	List of Herbs Used for Treatment
氣陰雙虧+痰瘀互結	黃芪, 太子蔘, 麥門冬, 鷄血藤, 五味子, 女貞子, 法半夏, 杏仁, 瓜蔞, 全蟲, 南沙蔘, 北沙蔘, 三七, 川芎, 蜈蚣
氣陰兩虛+瘀毒內熾	人蔘, 熟地黃, 山茱萸, 山藥, 當歸, 杜沖, 枸杞子, 黃芪, 麥門冬, 天門冬,五味子, 生地黃, 玄蔘, 黨蔘, 漏蘆, 土茯苓, 魚腥草, 升麻, 太子蔘, 北沙蔘, 杏仁, 瓜蔞皮, 百部根, 川貝母, 紫菀, 桑白皮, 半枳蓮, 白花蛇舌草, 燕窩, 西洋蔘, 南沙蔘, 石斛, 川芎, 莪朮, 蒲黃, 三七
氣滯血瘀	枳殼, 生地黃, 紅花, 赤芍藥, 柴胡, 川芎, 桔莖, 降香, 紫草, 瓜蔞, 桃仁, 杏仁, 遠志, 干蟾皮, 石見穿, 鐵樹葉, 茜草根, 八月札, 鬱金, 三稜, 莪朮, 丹蔘, 王不留行, 露蜂房
氣虛痰阻	魚腥草, 猫爪草, 仙鶴草, 蚤休, 山海螺, 天門冬, 浙貝母, 葶藶子, 生草烏, 生附子, 生半夏, 生南星, 生一枝蒿, 昆布, 氷片, 肉桂, 生甘草, 炙甘草, 輕粉, 蜈蚣, 蜘蛛, 斑猫, 黨蔘, 茯苓, 白朮, 山藥, 炒扁豆, 蓮子肉, 薏苡仁, 桔莖, 砂仁
痰氣瘀毒互結	黃芪, 薏苡仁, 白頭翁, 南沙蔘, 百部根, 仙鶴草, 魚腥草, 白花蛇舌草, 天花粉, 牡蠣, 牧丹皮, 夏枯草, 紫草茸, 山慈姑
痰毒瘀滯	魚腥草, 黄毛耳草, 白英, 白花蛇舌草, 蒲公英, 山豆根, 山海螺, 海浮石, 百部根, 百合, 天門冬, 麥門冬, 仙鶴草, 南沙蔘, 紫草, 山藥, 黃精, 野蕎麥根, 八角金盘, 干蟾皮, 黃芪, 蛇莓, 八月札, 半枝蓮, 蚤休, 丹蔘
痰濕蘊肺	陳皮, 蒼朮, 白朮, 茯苓, 黨蔘, 生薏苡仁, 半夏, 法制天南星, 前胡, 桃仁, 杏仁, 皂莢, 猫爪草, 半枝蓮, 白花蛇舌草, 龍葵, 馬兜鈴
痰瘀互結+邪熱熾盛	大黃, 黃芪, 葶藶子, 杏仁
痰熱鬱肺	敗醬草, 魚腥草, 鮮蘆根, 冬瓜仁, 葶藶子, 大黃, 枳殼, 萊菔子
脾虛痰濕	黨蔘, 白朮, 茯苓, 陳皮, 半夏, 法制天南星, 生薏苡仁, 紫菀, 款冬花, 補骨脂, 淫羊藿
肺脾氣虛+痰濁阻肺	黨蔘, 茯苓, 白朮, 半夏, 陳皮, 山藥, 黃精, 南沙蔘, 黃芪, 白花蛇舌草, 夏枯草, 半枝蓮, 茯苓, 瓜蔞, 法半夏, 魚腥草, 川貝母, 杏仁
肺瘀痰結	蒼朮, 白朮, 厚朴, 淸半夏, 膽南星, 代赭石, 猪苓, 龍葵, 白英, 蛇莓, 瓜蔞,葶藶子, 海蛤殼紛, 靑黛, 蟾酥酒

Table 3

Subtypes of 肺熱 Type and Lists of Herbs Used for Treatment

肺熱 Subtype	List of Herbs Used for Treatment
陰虛內熱; 肺熱陰虛	南沙蔘, 北沙蔘, 天門冬, 麥門冬, 玉竹, 蘆根, 百部根, 生地黃, 熟地黃, 玄蔘, 鼈甲, 桑白皮, 瓜蔞皮, 杏仁, 百合, 川貝母, 桔莖, 赤芍藥, 當歸, 魚腥草, 半枝蓮, 白花蛇舌草, 生甘草, 黨蔘, 石斛, 女貞子, 天花粉, 夏枯草
陰虛毒熱	百合, 生地黃, 熟地黃, 玄蔘, 當歸, 麥門冬, 白芍藥, 南沙蔘, 桑白皮, 黃芩, 臭牧丹, 蚤休, 白花蛇舌草, 天門冬, 茯苓, 山藥, 川貝母, 知母, 桑葉, 三七, 阿膠, 生甘草, 魚腥草, 半枝蓮
肺毒血熱; 熱傷肺絡+熱邪迫血亡行	小薊, 白茅根, 側柏炭, 牧丹皮, 紫草, 紫河車, 仙鶴草, 白英, 蛇莓, 龍葵, 三七, 蟾酥酒, 旱蓮草

Table 4

Pattern Identification and List of Herbs of Lung Cancer Patients from Case Reports in Korea

Treatment Goals	Pattern Identification	List of Herbs Used for Treatment
Tumor Suppression & Symptom Relief	氣陰兩虛	百合, 生地黃, 黃芪, 玄蔘, 麥門冬, 貝母, 桔梗, 黨蔘, 夏枯草, 半枝蓮, 甘草, 五味子, 鷄內金, 山藥, 神曲, 鼈甲, 薑半夏
	陰虛	三七, 冬蟲夏草, 牛黃, 牛膝, 紅麴, 肉桂, 寒水石, 乾漆
	肺腎兩虛	三七, 冬蟲夏草, 人蔘, 乳香
Symptom Relief	氣滯血瘀	桑寄生, 露蜂房
	氣血虧虛	半夏, 黃連, 黃芩, 乾薑, 甘草, 大棗, 人蔘, 木香, 砂仁, 白朮, 陳皮, 茯苓, 半夏, 香附子, 枳實, 白荳蔲, 厚朴, 藿香, 黃芪, 白芍藥, 當歸, 川芎, 生薑, 升麻, 柴胡, 肉桂, 炮附子
	肺陰虛	麻黃, 杏仁, 甘草, 石膏, 白芍藥, 細辛, 乾薑, 桂枝, 五味子, 半夏, 黃芪, 猴頭菇, 人蔘, 丹蔘

Table 5

List of Herbs Contents in Ready-made Herbal Formula Prescribed without Pattern Identification Process

Name of Herbal Formula	List of Herbs Contents in Herbal Formula
Hangam-dan	薏苡仁, 三七, 海馬, 冬蟲夏草, 山慈姑, 人蔘, 牛黃, 珍珠粉, 麝香
Hangam-plus	三七, 冬蟲夏草, 山慈姑, 人蔘, 牛黃, 珍珠粉, 乳香, 沒藥
Samchilchoongcho-Jung	三七, 冬蟲夏草, 人蔘, 乳香
PSM	靈芝, 猴頭菇, 雲芝, 灰樹花, 香菇, 平菇, 冬蟲夏草, 猪苓
Ginsenopil	山養蔘
RGS	山養蔘
RVS	乾漆

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