Effects of <i>Gamitaeeumjowee-tang</i> for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Shift Workers: A Retrospective Chart Review

Yunjin Lee; Hyojoo Choi; Jeong-In Kang; Young-Woo Lim; Eunjoo Kim; Lee, Yunjin; Choi, Hyojoo; Kang, Jeong-In; Lim, Young-Woo; Kim, Eunjoo

doi:10.13048/jkm.25030

JKM > Volume 46(3); 2025 > Article

Lee, Choi, Kang, Lim, and Kim: Effects of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Shift Workers: A Retrospective Chart Review

Original Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2025; 46(3): 1-15.

Published online: September 1, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.25030

Effects of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Shift Workers: A Retrospective Chart Review

Yunjin Lee¹^{, §}

, Hyojoo Choi¹^{, §}

, Jeong-In Kang¹

, Young-Woo Lim¹^{, 2}

, Eunjoo Kim¹^{, 2}^{, *}

¹Nubebe Korean Medical Clinic Bundang Center

²Nubebe Obesity Research Institute

Correspondence to: Eunjoo Kim, Nubebe Korean Medical Clinic Bundang Center, 10 Seongnam-daero, 926beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 13506, Korea, Tel:+82-31-702-0045, Fax:+82-31-701-8993, E-mail:boggil82@gmail.com

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Received May 30, 2025 Revised July 15, 2025 Accepted August 12, 2025

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the weight loss effects and safety of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang in overweight and obese shift workers through a retrospective chart review.

Methods

A total of 27 shift workers with a body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m² who visited a Korean medicine obesity clinic for weight loss were included. Participants took Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for 12 weeks. Changes in body weight, body composition, blood pressure, and adverse events were assessed and compared with a control group of 33 non-shift workers.

Results

After 12 weeks of treatment, the shift worker group showed a significant reduction in body weight (6.63±3.37 kg, P<0.05), body fat mass (6.13±2.96 kg, P<0.05), BMI (2.52±1.28 kg/m², P<0.05), and body fat rate (5.23 ± 3.18%p, P<0.05) along with a significant increase in skeletal muscle rate (2.92 ± 1.74%p, P<0.05). There were no significant differences in weight loss and body composition changes between the shift worker group and the non-shift worker group. When evaluating changes in blood pressure and pulse, only systolic blood pressure significantly decreased in the shift worker group (P=0.041). Most adverse events were mild, and no serious adverse reactions were reported.

Conclusions

Gamitaeeumjowee-tang appears to be a safe and effective option for weight management in overweight and obese shift workers without causing serious adverse events.

Keywords: Shift worker, Overweight, Obesity, Weight loss, Gamitaeeumjowee-tang

Fig. 1

Flow chart of dataset for analysis.

Table 1

Composition of Gamitaeeumjowee-tang

Ingredient	Dose(g)/day
Ephedra Herba	16.0~24.0
Rehmanniae Radix Preparat	8.0
Coicis Semen	8.0
Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens	4.0
Acori Gramineri Rhizoma	3.3
Zizyphi Semen	3.3
Alismatis Rhizoma	2.6
Scutellariae Radix	1.3
Schizandrae Fructus	1.3
Puerariae Radix	1.3
Asparagi Tuber	1.3
Angelicae Tenuissimae Radix	1.3
Longanae Arillus	1.3
Castanea Moliissima	1.3
Liriopis Tuber	1.3

Total amount	55.6~63.6

Table 2

Baseline Characteristics of Patients

Characteristics	Total (n=60)	Shift workers (N= 27)	Not shift workers (N= 33)	P-value
Age(year)^*	36.82 ± 12.88	36.33 ± 11.70	37.21 ± 13.94	0.982
Weight (kg)^*	75.60 ± 12.20	77.51 ± 14.02	74.04 ± 10.44	0.414
Body Fat mass (kg)	30.47 ± 6.65	30.64 ± 7.06	30.33 ± 6.41	0.858
Skeletal muscle mass(kg)^*	24.77 ± 4.81	25.81 ± 5.79	23.92 ± 3.70	0.316
BMI (kg/m² )	28.87 ± 3.30	29.19 ± 3.73	28.62 ± 2.94	0.514
Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	129.93 ± 10.96	132.67 ± 9.02	127.70 ± 12.00	0.080
Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	79.38 ± 10.16	80.26 ± 10.31	78.67 ± 10.15	0.550
Pulse (bpm)	84.05 ± 11.41	84.74 ± 10.51	83.48 ± 12.23	0.675

Data are expressed mean±standard deviation.

* : Non-normally distributed data

Table 3

Variable Changes Comparison between two groups

Characteristics	Shift workers (N= 27)	Not shift workers (N= 33)	P-value
Weight (kg)	6.63 ± 3.37^*	6.69 ± 2.57^*	0.858
Weight loss rate (%))	8.69 ± 4.38^*	9.30 ± 3.97^*	0.629
Skeletal muscle mass (kg)	0.24 ± 1.00	0.54 ± 0.74^*	0.100
Body Fat mass (kg)	6.13 ± 2.96^*	5.78 ± 2.29^*	0.606
BMI (kg/m² )	2.52 ± 1.28^*	2.62 ± 1.05^*	0.746
Skeletal muscle rate(%p)	2.92 ± 1.74^*	2.51 ± 1.42^*	0.326
Body fat rate (%p)	5.23 ± 3.18^*	4.73 ± 2.59^*	0.503

Data are expressed mean±standard deviation.

* P<0.05,

paired t test or wilcoxon singed rank test / comparison within group before and after program

Table 4

Changes in Blood Pressure and Pulse rate

		Initial value	Final value	P-value
Shift workers (N= 27)	Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	132.67 ± 9.02	127.3 ± 12.25	0.041^*
	Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	80.26 ± 10.31	78.70 ± 10.70	0.487
	Pulse (bpm)	84.74 ± 10.51	91.48 ± 12.13	0.007^*

Not shift workers (N= 33)	Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	127.70 ± 12.00	126.33 ± 11.64	0.561
	Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg)	78.67 ± 10.15	78.82 ± 8.71	0.928
	Pulse (bpm)	83.48 ± 12.23	95.24 ± 12.19	<.001^*

Data are expressed mean±standard deviation.

* P<0.05, paired t test.

Table 5

Comparison of Categorical Variables between Shift workers and Not Shift workers

Categorical variables			Shift workers (N = 27)	Not shift workers group (N = 33)	P-value
Sleep regularity	Regular		2 (7.4)	20 (60.6)	<.001^‡
Sleep regularity	Irregular		25 (92.6)	13 (39.4)

Dietary habits	Meal regularity	Regular	4 (14.8)	14 (42.4)	0.020^‡
		Irregular	23 (85.2)	19 (57.6)

	Night time eating	Yes	12 (44.4)	8 (24.2)	0.099
		No	15 (55.6)	25 (75.8)

	Light eating^†	Yes	0 (0.0)	1 (3.0)	1.000
		No	27 (100)	32 (97.0)
	Binge eating	Yes	11 (40.7)	12 (36.4)	0.729
		No	16 (59.3)	21 (63.6)

Alcohol consumption frequency^*	0 (week)		8 (30.8)	13 (39.4)	0.419
	≤ 1		12 (46.2)	9 (27.3)
	2–3		6 (23.1)	10 (30.3)
	≥ 4		0 (0.0)	1 (3.0)

Physical activity level^*	< 1h		3 (11.5)	3 (9.1)	0.517
	1–3 h		8 (30.8)	15 (45.5)
	≥ 3		15 (57.7)	15 (45.5)

Weight loss experience	Weight loss with drug		15 (55.6)	16 (48.5)	0.586
Weight loss experience	None		12 (44.4)	17 (51.5)

Data are expressed as number (%) for categorical variables.

* : Chi-square test was conducted on 26 participants after excluding 1 missing value;

† : Fisher’s Exact Test;

‡ : P<0.05

Table 6

Adverse Events Reported from 60 Patients using Gamitaeeumjowee-tang

	Shift workers (N= 27)		Not shift workers (N= 33)

Variables	2–6 weeks	10–14 weeks	2–6 weeks	10–14 weeks
Causality (WHO-UMC)
Possible	11 (25.6)	3 (20.0)	11 (16.2)	1 (4.5)
Unlikely	32 (74.4)	12 (80.0)	57 (83.8)	21 (95.5)
Conditional/unclassified	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Total	43 (100)	15 (100)	68 (100)	22 (100)

Severity (CTCAE v5.0)
Mild (Grade1)	43 (100)	14 (93.3)	68 (100)	21 (95.5)
Moderate (Grade 2)	0 (0.0)	1 (6.7)	0 (0.0)	1 (4.5)
Severe (Grade 3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Total	43 (100)	15 (100)	68 (100)	22 (100)

Data are expressed number (%).

WHO-UMC; World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre, CTCAE; Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events

Table 7

Adverse Events According to System Organ Classes

		Shift workers (N= 27)		Not shift workers (N= 33)

System-organ classes	Symptom	2–6 weeks	10–14 weeks	2–6 weeks	10–14 weeks
Gastro-intestinal system disorders	Constipation	7 (16.3)	6 (40.0)	10 (14.7)	6 (27.3)
	Dyspepsia	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.9)	0 (0.0)
	Nausea	3 (7.0)	0 (0.0)	4 (5.9)	1 (4.5)
	Vomiting	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	2 (2.9)	0 (0.0)
	Heartburn	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
	Hemorrhoids	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
	Hematochezia	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
	Subtotal	11 (25.6)	6 (40.0)	21 (30.9)	7 (31.8)

Central & peripheral nervous system disorders	Dizziness	2 (4.7)	0 (0.0)	7 (10.3)	3 (13.6)
	Headache	6 (14.0)	1 (6.7)	6 (8.8)	1 (4.5)
	Tremor	2 (4.7)	0 (0.0)	7 (10.3)	1 (4.5)
	Paresthesia	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	Subtotal	11 (25.6)	1 (6.7)	20 (29.4)	5 (22.7)

Psychiatric disorders	Insomnia	5 (11.6)	3 (20.0)	3 (4.4)	3 (13.6)
Psychiatric disorders	Subtotal	5 (11.6)	3 (20.0)	3 (4.4)	3 (13.6)

Autonomic nervous system disorders	Dry mouth	2 (4.7)	1 (6.7)	6 (8.8)	2 (9.1)
	Palpitation	4 (9.3)	1 (6.7)	6 (8.8)	0 (0.0)
	Sweating increased	2 (4.7)	1 (6.7)	3 (4.4)	1 (4.5)
	Subtotal	8 (18.6)	3 (20.0)	15 (22.1)	3 (13.6)

Body as a whole - general disorders	Malaise	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	3 (4.4)	0 (0.0)
	Feeling hot	2 (4.7)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
	Feeling cold	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
	Cold sweat	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
	Subtotal	3 (7.0)	0 (0.0)	6 (8.8)	0 (0.0)

Skin and appendages disorders	Scalp pruritus	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Skin and appendages disorders	Subtotal	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)

Urinary system disorders	Urinary frequency	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	1 (4.5)
	Dysuria	2 (4.7)	2 (13.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	Subtotal	3 (7.0)	2 (13.3)	1 (1.5)	1 (4.5)

Reproductive disorders	Menstrual irregularity	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	2 (9.1)
	Menorrhagia	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
	Erectile dysfunction	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
	Subtotal	1 (2.3)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	2 (9.1)

Musculo-skeletal system disorders	Myalgia	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)
Musculo-skeletal system disorders	Subtotal	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.5)	0 (0.0)

Respiratory system disorders	Hoarseness	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (4.5)
Respiratory system disorders	Subtotal	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (4.5)

Total		43(100)	15(100)	68(100)	22(100)

Data are expressed number (%)

Appendices

Appendix 1. Questionnaire on Lifestyle Habits

jkm-46-3-1-appendix-1.pdf

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