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The association between sleep and weight loss among adult women with obesity administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang

Article information

J Korean Med. 2020;41(3):22-31
Publication date (electronic) : 2020 September 01
doi : https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.20023
Eom-Jee Lee1orcid_icon, Young-Bae Park2orcid_icon, Young-Woo Lim1,2orcid_icon, Seo-Young Kim1,2,orcid_icon
1Nubebe Korean Medical Clinic
2Nubebe Mibyeong Research Institute
Correspondence to: Seo-Young Kim, Nubebe Mibyeong Research Institute, 6F, 515, Seolleung-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Korea [06150], Tel: +82-70-5148-7608, Fax: +82-2-566-2252, E-mail: woori4025@hanmail.net
Received 2020 July 16; Revised 2020 August 05; Accepted 2020 August 06.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sleep status and weight loss among adult women with obesity administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 137 patients who were were administered with Gamitaeeumjowee-tang for 3 months for the purpose of weight loss. We divided subjects according to sleep duration and sleep quality. We conducted an independent t-test to compare the differences of weight loss between two groups. Also, a regression analysis was applied to determine which factors affected weight loss.

Results

There was no significant difference in weight loss between patients who sleep more than 7 hours regularly and patients who sleep less than 7 hours. There was no significant difference between good sleepers and poor sleepers. Initial body mass index and the number of visits to the clinic were the significant factors in weight loss in 2–4 weeks. Initial weight loss was the significant factor in weight loss in 10–12 weeks. There was no significant correlation of sleep duration and sleep quality in weight loss in 2–4 weeks and 10–12 weeks.

Conclusions

This study suggests that weight loss may not be affected by sleep status during Gamitaeeumjowee-tang intervention.

Keywords: Obesity management; Weight loss; Sleep

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Baseline Characteristic of the Subjects

Comparison of Weight Loss and Weight Loss Rate at 2–4 Weeks and 10–14 Weeks According to Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality

Multiple Linear Regression Modes for Weight Loss at 2–4 Weeks

Multiple Linear Regression Modes for Weight Loss at 10–12 Weeks

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Article information Continued

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Table 1

Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria

Inclusion criteria

  1. Age range of 19–59 years

  2. Obesity (Body Mass Index equal to or greater than 25)

  3. Administered “Gamitaeeumjowee-tang” for weight loss

  4. Revisited for follow up at 2~4 weeks and/or 10~14 weeks from the first visit

Exclusion criteria

  1. Heart disease (Heart failure, arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, etc.), uncontrolled hypertension, past history of stroke or ischemic heart attack

  2. Glaucoma

  3. Serious neurological or psychological diseases (schizophrenia, epilepsy, alcoholics, drug addiction, anorexia, bulimia nervosa, etc.)

  4. Malignant tumor, liver failure, renal failure

  5. Pregnant women, breast feeding women, women with a pregnancy plan or disapproval of contraception

  6. Patients taking tuberculosis drugs, asthma drugs, Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors(MAOIs)

  7. A present state of metabolic diseases that might affect body weight (ex. hypothyroidism, Cushing’s disease, etc.)

  8. Other chronic neurological or systemic disease

  9. Past use of medication for weight loss in last 3 months

  10. Weight loss of more than 10% of body weight in recent 6 months

  11. Have surgical treatment for weight loss during the program

  12. Have not taken minimal recommended amount(less than ¾) of Gamitaeeumjoweetang

Table 2

Baseline Characteristic of the Subjects

Characteristic Mean±SD or Number(%)(n=137) Sleep duration Sleep quality
≥ 7 hours (n=86) < 7 hours (n=51) p-value Good sleeper (n=49) Poor sleeper (n=88) p-value
Age (year) 36.03±8.53 34.28±8.83 38.12±7.53 0.011 35.65±8.70 35.74±8.52 0.955
Anthropometry
 Height (cm) 160.97±5.38 161.21±5.30 160.57±5.54 0.503 160.31±5.99 161.34±5.00 0.283
 Body weight (kg) 76.44±11.26 76.12±10.73 76.98±12.19 0.668 73.99±8.73 77.80±12.28 0.057
 Body Mass Index (BMI) 29.47±3.89 29.27±3.76 29.81±4.12 0.436 28.81±3.34 29.84±4.14 0.137
 Body Fat Mass (kg) 32.04±7.84 31.85±7.65 32.35±8.21 0.718 30.67±6.66 32.80±8.56 0.128
 Percentage of Body Fat (%) 41.47±4.61 41.41±4.78 41.53±4.34 0.855 41.10±4.85 41.67±4.48 0.489
Alcohol
 No 37 (27.0) 21 (24.4) 16 (31.4) 0.643 14 (28.6) 23 (26.1) 0.423
 ≤1 time/week 61 (44.5) 38 (44.2) 23 (45.1) 20 (40.8) 41 (46.6)
 2–3 times/week 33 (24.1) 22 (25.6) 11 (21.6) 11 (22.4) 22 (25.0)
 ≥4 times/week 6 (4.4) 5 (5.8) 1 (2.0) 4 (8.2) 2 (2.3)
Coffee
 No 16 (11.7) 12 (14.0) 4 (7.8) 0.754 6 (12.2) 10 (11.4) 0.898
 ≤1 cup/day 37 (27.0) 23 (26.7) 14 (27.5) 15 (30.6) 22 (25.0)
 2–3 cups/day 75 (54.7) 46 (53.5) 29 (56.9) 25 (51.0) 50 (56.8)
 ≥4 cups/day 9 (6.6) 5 (5.8) 4 (7.8) 3 (6.1) 6 (6.8)

Notes:

*

Statistically significant (p<0.05)

Abbreviations: SD, Standard Deviation.

Table 3

Comparison of Weight Loss and Weight Loss Rate at 2–4 Weeks and 10–14 Weeks According to Sleep Duration and Sleep Quality

Sleep duration Sleep quality
≥ 7 hours < 7 hours p-value Good sleeper Poor sleeper p-value
2–4 weeks (n=120)
 Number 76 44 43 77
 Weight loss (kg) 2.80±1.46 3.21±1.28 0.127 2.97±1.20 2.94±1.52 0.911
 Weight loss rate (%) 3.70±1.97 4.19±1.60 0.170 4.02±1.52 3.80±2.01 0.526
10–12 weeks (n=58)
 Number 30 28 22 36
 Weight loss (kg) 7.24±2.84 7.99±3.02 0.332 7.65±2.98 7.57±2.93 0.924
 Weight loss rate (%) 9.86±3.99 10.49±3.59 0.531 10.48±4.14 9.97±3.60 0.627

Table 4

Multiple Linear Regression Modes for Weight Loss at 2–4 Weeks

B SE β t p-value Collinerarity
Tolerance VIF
(Constant) −0.191 1.040 −0.184 0.854
Initial BMI 0.071 0.032 0.195 2.212 0.029 0.994 1.007
Number of visits 0.786 0.260 0.266 3.018 0.003 0.994 1.007

Note: R2=.100, adjusted R2=.085, F=6.505, p=.002, Durbin-Watson=2.133

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, Standard Error; β, standardized coefficient; t, t-statistic; VIF, Variation Inflation Factor; BMI, Body Mass Index.

Table 5

Multiple Linear Regression Modes for Weight Loss at 10–12 Weeks

B SE β t p-value Collinerarity
Tolerance VIF
(Constant) 2.861 0.922 3.104 0.004
Initial weight loss 1.352 0.254 0.649 5.324 0.000 1.000 1.000

Note: R2=.421, adjusted R2=.406, F=28.342, p=.000, Durbin-Watson=2.051

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized coefficient; SE, Standard Error; β, standardized coefficient; t, t-statistic; VIF, Variation Inflation Factor.