A Literature Study on the Diagnostic Factors and Value as a Syndrome of Damjeok

Article information

J Korean Med. 2023;44(3):170-188
Publication date (electronic) : 2023 September 1
doi : https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.23040
1Chungju Weedahm Integrative Hospital
2Weedahm Korean Medical Hospital
3Gangnam Weedahm Korean Medical Hospital
Correspondence to: Gi-Hwan Rho, Weedahm Korean Medical Hospital, 430, Yeoksam-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-2-556-1133, Fax: +82-2-556-0839, E-mail: rghdoc71@naver.com
Received 2023 June 20; Revised 2023 August 17; Accepted 2023 August 17.

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic factors of Damjeok in the literature.

Methods

This study used the databases of five (Mediclassics, RISS, KMbase, OASIS, CNKI) to analyze diagnostic factors of Damjeok. Literatures published by May 2023 were assessed and we classified 91 literatures dealing with diagnostic factors by 5 categories, ‘characteristics’, ‘location’, ‘symptom’, ‘pulse wave & tongue feature’, and ‘eating habits & lifestyle’.

Results

Damjeok is mainly formed at the stomach in the form of lump or hard seed, and it can be observed in other regions or even the whole body by its trait of floating. Damjeok mainly shows symptoms of the digestive system and also causes various symptoms associated with the respiratory system and infection, musculoskeletal system, urogenital system, neuropsychiatric system and cardiovascular system. Regarding pulse wave and tongue feature, a slippery wave and greasy coated tongue are typical features of Damjeok. Additionally, bad eating habits and a lack of exercise have been described as a factor that cause and aggravate Damjeok.

Conclusions

The two most important factors in the diagnosis of Damjeok are abdominal stiffness by physical examination and digestive symptoms, and these correspond to the definition of a syndrome. Diagnostic factors based on literature evidence will provide clues to the clinical diagnosis of Damjeok syndrome.

Fig. 1

Number of documents dealing with properties of damjeok

Fig. 2

Number of documents dealing with specific parts of damjeok

Fig. 3

Number of documents dealing with unspecific parts of damjeok

Fig. 4

Number of documents dealing with each system

Fig. 5

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of digestive system

Fig. 6

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of respiratory system and infection

Fig. 7

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of musculoskeletal system

Fig. 8

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of urogenital system

Fig. 9

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of neuropsychiatric system

Fig. 10

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of cardiovascular system

Fig. 11

Number of documents dealing with other symptoms

Fig. 12

Number of documents dealing with pulse wave

Included Terms in the Gastrointestinal Category and Each Number of Documents

Symptoms Included in Each System

List of Enrolled References of Medical Books

List of Enrolled References of Papers

References

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Article information Continued

Fig. 1

Number of documents dealing with properties of damjeok

Fig. 2

Number of documents dealing with specific parts of damjeok

Fig. 3

Number of documents dealing with unspecific parts of damjeok

Fig. 4

Number of documents dealing with each system

Fig. 5

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of digestive system

Fig. 6

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of respiratory system and infection

Fig. 7

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of musculoskeletal system

Fig. 8

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of urogenital system

Fig. 9

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of neuropsychiatric system

Fig. 10

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of cardiovascular system

Fig. 11

Number of documents dealing with other symptoms

Fig. 12

Number of documents dealing with pulse wave

Table 1

Included Terms in the Gastrointestinal Category and Each Number of Documents

Classification Included Terms Medical book Paper Total
脾胃, 中, 中焦 1 1 2
脾胃 2 0 2
中焦 2 4 6
2 0 2

心下 1 0 1
胃口 0 1 1
胃, 胃脘, 胃中 6 2 8
中脘 4 1 5
胃膜 1 0 1

大腸 1 3 4
大小腸 2 0 2
0 1 1
腸間 0 1 1

胃腸 腸胃 3 2 5

腹部 腹, 腹部, 腹中 1 2 3

Table 2

Symptoms Included in Each System

System Symptoms
Cardiovascular 心痛, 胸悶, 心悸·怔忡
Respiratory&Infectious 咳嗽, 哮喘, 齁喘, 鼻塞·鼻瘜肉, 鼻流, 声带小结, 勞瘵, 瘧
Digestive 痞·滿·脹, 腹痛, 惡心·嘔吐, 噫氣, 腹鳴, 呑酸·嘈雜, 食慾不振, 噎膈·反胃, 不能消化, 咽喉異物感, 泄瀉, 便秘
Urogenital 小便, 血崩, 帶下, 疝, 血癥·血瘕
Musculoskeletal 腰痛, 脇痛, 膝腫, 痹, 痿
Neuropsychiatric 眩暈, 頭痛, 煩躁·不安, 驚風·癎, 神明不淸, 不眠
Others 百病, 面黃·面色少華, 身重·倦怠乏力, 虛勞, 瘦贏, 發熱, 痛, 瘡, 冷汗出

Appendix A

List of Enrolled References of Medical Books

No. Author Literature Year Characteristics Location Symptom Pulse wave Tongue feature Eating habits Lifestyle Number of Articles
1 孫思邈 千金翼方 Unknown 1
2 孫思邈 千金要方 Unknown 1
3 王懷隱 太平聖惠方 992 心胸 氣噎 食欲不下 嘔逆 1
4 陳子明 婦人大全良方 1237 血癥塊 1
5 王好古 醫壘元戎 1291 心 頭 不下食 嘔逆 1
6 樓英 醫學綱目 1396 塊(2)
結核, 作核不散
流下 積塊癥瘕
皮裏膜外(2) 項 頸
臂 身 兩脇 腸胃
胃 膀胱 胸中 心下
腹鳴 嘈雜 眩運 身熱 脹 吐血
久嗽 咳 鼻流淸涕
鼻管流濁涕,有穢氣 痰嗽
鼻塞·鼻瘜肉 腰痛 性多焦怒
秋間髀樞左右一點發痛, 延及膝
膝腫如桃, 不可屈伸
小便必數而短 形瘦贏 泄瀉 血崩
帶·漏 翻胃 久癎 急慢驚風 痿
不得眠 胎前症 上塞咽中 看待厭倦
冷汗出 食漸減
脈弦小, 右寸滑,左手寸濇脈有力
左弦大頗實,寸濇甚,大率皆數
沉 右手脈實寸脈沉
滋味素厚 26
7 危亦林 世醫得效方 1425 咳嗽 血癥·血瘕 2
8 兪孝通 外 鄕藥集成方 1433 胸中 嘔 勞疾 痰瘧 煩 2
9 韓繼喜, 任元濬, 權讚 醫方類聚 1445-1477 腸胃 心胸 2
10 虞摶 新編醫學正傳 1531 膠固(3) 流 留滯
下流 停
中焦 腸胃 六腑
三焦 胃 膀胱
痞 嘔吐 攻走腰背 心膈大痛
胃脘作痛 咳嗽氣急 帶下 赤白濁
痿證 心腹痛 脇痛(2) 反胃 膈噎
右手脉實 不善攝生者
五味之偏無日而不傷
13
11 陳自明 原著 / 薛己 校注 校注婦人良方 1547 中脘 中焦 胸 噦逆 嘈雜 暈眩 怔忡 不進飮食
血燥血瘕 滯下 子煩
肝脾二脈弦浮, 按之微而結滯 5
12 孫應奎 著, 尹春年 編 新刊醫家必用 1560 腸胃 咳嗽 急驚風(2) 3
13 李時珍 瀕湖脈學 1564 時時喘欬 促脈 1
14 李時珍 本草綱目 1596 反胃 噦逆 齁喘(2) 疝㿉 5
15 許浚 東醫寶鑑 1613 流下(2) 胃 膀胱 大小腸
咽膈之間 大腸 胃
腹痛(2) 痰嗽 痛 痿 大便溏滑
泄瀉 疝痛 帶與漏 頭痛 心痛 瘡
右手脉實
右手脉緊實
16
16 張介賓 景岳全書 1624 膠固 氣道 中脘(2) 厭厭不能食 霍亂 嘔吐 脹滿
或秘或溏 瘧 腰痛
乘凉飮冷, 飢飽失時 7
17 許任 鍼灸經驗方 1644 1
18 Unknown 本草精華 Unknown 反胃 噦逆 2
19 蕭塤 女科經綸 1684 流下 下流 胃 膀胱 胸 吐涎 不安 帶下(2) 煩躁 3
20 閻純璽 胎産心法 1730 嘔惡 右脇痛 2
21 小白累人 傷寒經驗方 Unknown 腹脹 1
22 吳謙 刪補名醫方論 1742 1
23 趙廷俊 及幼方 1749 1
24 許郢, 許鄢 晉寓神方 1780 停留 中腕 腹痛(2) 頭痛發熱 5
25 許郢, 許鄢 晋陽神方 Unknown 停留 中腕 哮吼 頭痛發熱 3
26 李景華 廣濟秘笈 1790 痿躄 1
27 玄在德 本草類函要領 1833 心腹竝痛 1
28 黃度淵 醫宗損益 1868 胃 咽膈之間 痰嗽 頭痛 腹痛 痿 百病 右脉實 6
29 錦里散人 宜彙 1871 積聚(2) 中 胃脘 腹上 惡心 呑酸 嘔吐 痞滿 嘈雜 痿躄
噫氣 腹痛 大便艱澁 腰痛
6
30 李鎭泰 丹谷經驗方 Unknown 腹痛 百病 2
31 Unknown 藏珍要編 1894 脈而沈伏 1
32 水鏡居士 依原擧綱 Unknown 積聚 1
33 松溪散人 要略 Unknown 心經 悶 咳嗽上氣 浮數無力 伏 2
34 Unknown 醫本 Unknown 百病 1
35 張泰慶 愚岑雜著 Unknown 帶下 1
36 崔奎憲 小兒醫方 1912 脇痛 1
37 周命新 醫門寶鑑 1918 積聚 脾胃(2) 中
咽膈之間
百病 噎膈 勞瘵 黃瘦倦怠 虛勞 脉六部俱有力, 而右關微有數 7
38 李圭晙 醫監重磨 1922 流下 胃 胃膜絡 脅下
膀胱 大小腸
蠱脹 帶與漏 4
39 李永春 春鑑錄 1927 大便不通 1
40 南載喆 兩無神編 1928 齁喘 1
41 文基洪 濟世寶鑑 1933 百病 1

Appendix B

List of Enrolled References of Papers

No. Author Literature Publisher Year Characteristics Location Symptom Pulse wave Tongue feature Eating habits Lifestyle
1 朱正 对中医诊治症瘕的体会 福建中医药 1962 症瘕 痞結坚而不移 或游走无定 腹部 不思纳食 时生泛噁呕吐痰涎 胸院满悶 脉滑而弦舌淡苔腻 飮食不节
2 陈选平, 赵玉哲 贺本绪老中医医案. 陕西中医 1981 积聚 恶心 辛胃胃院嘈杂不适 大便稀 脉滑
3 陈叔达 “百象汤”治疗小儿百日咳 上海中医药杂志 1981 大便千燥 百日咳
4 李超 儿科医话两则 湖北中医杂志 1982 肺 胃腸 腹泄
5 朱国庆 ⟪金匮钩玄⟫治痰撮旨 黑龙江中医药 1984 胃口 胃中中焦 肠间 翻胃 暖气 恶心 呕吐嘈杂 腹痛 泄泻 气逆
6 陈家璋 痰积砂淋1例治验 中医杂志 1985 砂淋
7 李治方 扶正化痰通淋法治疗泌尿系结石 云南中医学院学报 1988 纳差 腹胀 腰腿酸痛 痰积成石排尿不畅 脉缓弱而沉滑无力舌苔白腻
8 汪贻魁 皂荚在儿科的运用 中医杂志 1992 块 症癖 腹中
9 Unknown 痞积 医学文选 1992
10 栾佩岳 痰积致癃亟当化痰身痛不休可恃温运 上海中医药杂志 1993
11 宋树乙 自拟腰复散治疗急性腰扭伤204例 中医函授通讯 1995 经络 急性腰扭伤
12 牛建义, 魏文义 浅谈下法的运用 长治医学院学报 1997 胶固 肠胃
13 时有斌 消化功能障碍证治体会 江苏中医 1997 饮食不能消化 肠鸣 恶心 呕 脘腹疼痛 头眩
14 江冠亚, 蓝燕红 浅谈“善治脾者,能调五脏” 河南中医 2002 中焦 久泻 脉右关滑动 舌苔黄白而腻
15 颜永潮 鹿地五虫汤治疗梨状肌综合征经验 江西中医学院学报 2002 腰痛
16 连林辉;林甦;林求诚 中西医结合治疗儿童哮喘急性发作疗效观察 中国中西医结合杂志 2004 哮喘
17 张年顺 痰病钩玄——对3部中医权威辞书有关“痰”词条的研究 山东中医药大学学报 2004 呕吐 脘痛 腹痛 泄泻 嗽 腰痛 心痛 血崩 发热 虚劳
18 潘善余 脂肪肝诊治研析 中医药临床杂志 2005 流注 胸闷 身重体倦 胁痛 脉滑 舌质淡红, 苔胖腻 饮酒过度 嗜食肥甘厚味 多见
19 卢翠飞 二陈汤治验举隅 中国民族民间医药杂志 2005 腰痛
20 徐士伟 温下法临证举隅 实用中医内科杂志 2006 冷哮
21 冷治文;王鹏 肝纤维化证治六法 中医药临床杂志 2006 日聚日坚, 难削难化
22 马宏 礞石滚痰丸服法浅探 中国中医急症 2007 胶固难祛流 经络 胃肠
23 李永红 辨"性"吃菜可治病 今日科苑 2007 呕吐 腹胀
24 顾析玲 中西医结合治疗声带小结69例 浙江中医杂志 2007 声音嘶哑 咽干 喉中异物感 声带小结 苔薄腻
25 李永红, 严季澜 对 “腹痛宜和” 的认识 北京中医药 2008 腹鸣 恶心 腹痛 大便黏腻发白 眩晕 脉滑大
26 陈小明 浅淡腰痛的辨证论治 中国医药指南 2009 腰痛 脉必滑或伏
27 本刊编辑部 李学耕小儿哮喘治验 中国社区医师 2010 胶固 气道 哮喘
28 高湛 泄泻的古今诊疗概况 北京中医药大学 2010 下溜 大肠 腹鸣 泻 肋攻刺作痛 脉滑 舌暗苔腻 饮食过当 或食后即卧 或肥甘纵口 或临食粗咽)
29 王勇 马玉琛教授风湿性间质性肺病痰毒并治研究 中国人民解放军军医进修学院 2010
30 历飞; 艾华 试析《症因脉治》论泄泻 实用中医内科杂志 2010 下溜 脾 大肠 腹鸣 泻 头晕 身重, 倦怠乏力 弦滑 饮食过当, 或食后即卧, 或肥甘纵口
31 袁国荣, 潘智敏 潘智敏教授治疗积证的学术经验 中华中医药学刊 2011 稽留而不去 肝 心 脑 血液 血脉 关节 肠肾肠 胃 之外, 募原之间 不能克化 不能按时进食, 饥饱无常 久坐少动
32 高树彬, 田志伟 试论小儿 “积常有” 状态 中医杂志 2012 胃肠 纳差 腹胀 便溏 咳有痰声 面色少华
33 刘仁昌, 王光铭, 李春婷 从郁论治胃食管反流病探析 辽宁中医药大学学报 2012 恶心呕吐 呕吐痰涎 胃脘痞满 脘闷不舒 胸骨后不适
34 朱星 浅谈朱丹溪论泄泻 时珍国医国药 2012
35 朱星, 王明强 金元四大家论泄泻特色浅探 江西中医药 2012
36 沈启刚;谭春雨 明代名医李梴论治癥积病症的学 术思想研究 中华中医药学刊 2012 癥积病
37 Unknown 《黄帝内经》养生三原则 商周刊 2013 积聚
38 梁天坚 谈谈《褚氏遗书》的中医生理病理观 中国中医基础医学杂志 2013 百病
39 陈怀民 腰痛病证古代文献研究 北京中医药大学 2013 腰痛 脉必滑或伏
40 王皓宇 《名医类案》与《续名医类案》泄泻
案的用药、组方及证治特点研究
黑龙江中医药大学 2013
41 王群江;奚淑芳 潘智敏“五积理论”治疗代谢综合征经验 河南中医 2014 肝 心 脑 血液 血脉 饮食不节
好酒者
42 Unknown 识别真假瓜蒌子 中国中医药现代远程教育 2014 中脘
43 严玉莲 “积常有”理论对小儿哮喘治疗的指导作用 中医儿科杂志 2014 哮喘
44 李永红, 严季澜 短脉 中国中医药现代远 程教育 2014 短脉
45 王颖 栗锦迁教授治疗痴呆经验 内蒙古中医药 2015 神明不清、智力减退
46 梁松涛 黑水城出土西夏文古佚医方“半夏茯苓汤”考述 南京中医药大学学报(社会科学版) 2017 胸膈 嘈杂 痞闷 短气而喘 麻木眩晕
47 Unknown 中医教你一键清除这5种人体“垃圾” 山东人大工作 2018 恶心呕吐 头晕目眩 心悸气短
48 张盼 朱丹溪以脾为本论治泄泻特色举隅 浙江中医杂志 2020 下滞 肺 大肠 泻 肠鸣 肋痛 饮食过多, 或食后即卧, 或肥甘纵口, 或临食粗咽
49 李博;施逸凡 于无声处听惊雷——中医医案学习心得 叙事医学 2021 中焦 脉右关滑动 舌苔黄白而腻
50 熊飞达; 陈明显;傅睿 虞抟“疏利三焦, 温扶肾命”论治泄泻特色 中医文献杂志 2021 上焦 中焦 下焦