A Literature Study on the Diagnostic Factors and Value as a Syndrome of Damjeok

Yun-Seo Lim; Gi-Hwan Rho; Gyu-Ho Choi; Sang-Hyun Lee; Seo-Hyung Choi; Lim, Yun-Seo; Rho, Gi-Hwan; Choi, Gyu-Ho; Lee, Sang-Hyun; Choi, Seo-Hyung

doi:10.13048/jkm.23040

JKM > Volume 44(3); 2023 > Article

Lim, Rho, Choi, Lee, and Choi: A Literature Study on the Diagnostic Factors and Value as a Syndrome of Damjeok

Review Article

The Journal of Korean Medicine 2023; 44(3): 170-188.

Published online: September 1, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13048/jkm.23040

A Literature Study on the Diagnostic Factors and Value as a Syndrome of Damjeok

Yun-Seo Lim¹^{, *}

, Gi-Hwan Rho²^{, *}

, Gyu-Ho Choi²

, Sang-Hyun Lee²

, Seo-Hyung Choi³

¹Chungju Weedahm Integrative Hospital

²Weedahm Korean Medical Hospital

³Gangnam Weedahm Korean Medical Hospital

Correspondence to: Gi-Hwan Rho, Weedahm Korean Medical Hospital, 430, Yeoksam-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Tel: +82-2-556-1133, Fax: +82-2-556-0839, E-mail: rghdoc71@naver.com

Received June 20, 2023 Revised August 17, 2023 Accepted August 17, 2023

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic factors of Damjeok in the literature.

Methods

This study used the databases of five (Mediclassics, RISS, KMbase, OASIS, CNKI) to analyze diagnostic factors of Damjeok. Literatures published by May 2023 were assessed and we classified 91 literatures dealing with diagnostic factors by 5 categories, ‘characteristics’, ‘location’, ‘symptom’, ‘pulse wave & tongue feature’, and ‘eating habits & lifestyle’.

Results

Damjeok is mainly formed at the stomach in the form of lump or hard seed, and it can be observed in other regions or even the whole body by its trait of floating. Damjeok mainly shows symptoms of the digestive system and also causes various symptoms associated with the respiratory system and infection, musculoskeletal system, urogenital system, neuropsychiatric system and cardiovascular system. Regarding pulse wave and tongue feature, a slippery wave and greasy coated tongue are typical features of Damjeok. Additionally, bad eating habits and a lack of exercise have been described as a factor that cause and aggravate Damjeok.

Conclusions

The two most important factors in the diagnosis of Damjeok are abdominal stiffness by physical examination and digestive symptoms, and these correspond to the definition of a syndrome. Diagnostic factors based on literature evidence will provide clues to the clinical diagnosis of Damjeok syndrome.

Keywords: Damjeok, diagnosis, abdominal stiffness, digestive system, syndrome, Damjeok syndrome

Fig. 1

Number of documents dealing with properties of damjeok

Fig. 2

Number of documents dealing with specific parts of damjeok

Fig. 3

Number of documents dealing with unspecific parts of damjeok

Fig. 4

Number of documents dealing with each system

Fig. 5

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of digestive system

Fig. 6

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of respiratory system and infection

Fig. 7

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of musculoskeletal system

Fig. 8

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of urogenital system

Fig. 9

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of neuropsychiatric system

Fig. 10

Number of documents dealing with symptoms of cardiovascular system

Fig. 11

Number of documents dealing with other symptoms

Fig. 12

Number of documents dealing with pulse wave

Table 1

Included Terms in the Gastrointestinal Category and Each Number of Documents

Classification	Included Terms	Medical book	Paper	Total
脾胃, 中, 中焦	脾	1	1	2
	脾胃	2	0	2
	中焦	2	4	6
	中	2	0	2

胃	心下	1	0	1
	胃口	0	1	1
	胃, 胃脘, 胃中	6	2	8
	中脘	4	1	5
	胃膜	1	0	1

腸	大腸	1	3	4
	大小腸	2	0	2
	腸	0	1	1
	腸間	0	1	1

胃腸	腸胃	3	2	5

腹部	腹, 腹部, 腹中	1	2	3

Table 2

Symptoms Included in Each System

System	Symptoms
Cardiovascular	心痛, 胸悶, 心悸·怔忡
Respiratory&Infectious	咳嗽, 哮喘, 齁喘, 鼻塞·鼻瘜肉, 鼻流, 声带小结, 勞瘵, 瘧
Digestive	痞·滿·脹, 腹痛, 惡心·嘔吐, 噫氣, 腹鳴, 呑酸·嘈雜, 食慾不振, 噎膈·反胃, 不能消化, 咽喉異物感, 泄瀉, 便秘
Urogenital	小便, 血崩, 帶下, 疝, 血癥·血瘕
Musculoskeletal	腰痛, 脇痛, 膝腫, 痹, 痿
Neuropsychiatric	眩暈, 頭痛, 煩躁·不安, 驚風·癎, 神明不淸, 不眠
Others	百病, 面黃·面色少華, 身重·倦怠乏力, 虛勞, 瘦贏, 發熱, 痛, 瘡, 冷汗出

Appendix A

List of Enrolled References of Medical Books

No.	Author	Literature	Year	Characteristics	Location	Symptom	Pulse wave Tongue feature	Eating habits Lifestyle	Number of Articles
1	孫思邈	千金翼方	Unknown	破					1
2	孫思邈	千金要方	Unknown		胷				1
3	王懷隱	太平聖惠方	992		心胸	氣噎食欲不下嘔逆			1
4	陳子明	婦人大全良方	1237			血癥塊			1
5	王好古	醫壘元戎	1291		心頭	不下食嘔逆			1
6	樓英	醫學綱目	1396	塊(2) 結核, 作核不散流下積塊癥瘕	皮裏膜外(2) 項頸臂身兩脇腸胃胃膀胱胸中心下	腹鳴嘈雜眩運身熱脹吐血久嗽咳鼻流淸涕鼻管流濁涕,有穢氣痰嗽鼻塞·鼻瘜肉腰痛性多焦怒秋間髀樞左右一點發痛, 延及膝膝腫如桃, 不可屈伸小便必數而短形瘦贏泄瀉血崩帶·漏翻胃久癎急慢驚風痿不得眠胎前症上塞咽中看待厭倦冷汗出食漸減	脈弦小, 右寸滑,左手寸濇脈有力左弦大頗實,寸濇甚,大率皆數沉右手脈實寸脈沉	滋味素厚	26
7	危亦林	世醫得效方	1425			咳嗽血癥·血瘕			2
8	兪孝通外	鄕藥集成方	1433		胸中	嘔勞疾痰瘧煩			2
9	韓繼喜, 任元濬, 權讚	醫方類聚	1445-1477		腸胃心胸	痞			2
10	虞摶	新編醫學正傳	1531	膠固(3) 流留滯下流停	中焦腸胃六腑三焦胃膀胱	痞嘔吐攻走腰背心膈大痛胃脘作痛咳嗽氣急帶下赤白濁痿證心腹痛脇痛(2) 反胃膈噎	右手脉實	不善攝生者五味之偏無日而不傷	13
11	陳自明原著 / 薛己校注	校注婦人良方	1547		中脘中焦胸	噦逆嘈雜暈眩怔忡不進飮食血燥血瘕滯下子煩	肝脾二脈弦浮, 按之微而結滯		5
12	孫應奎著, 尹春年編	新刊醫家必用	1560		腸胃	咳嗽急驚風(2)			3
13	李時珍	瀕湖脈學	1564			時時喘欬	促脈		1
14	李時珍	本草綱目	1596	堅		反胃噦逆齁喘(2) 疝㿉			5
15	許浚	東醫寶鑑	1613	流下(2)	胃膀胱大小腸咽膈之間大腸胃	腹痛(2) 痰嗽痛痿大便溏滑泄瀉疝痛帶與漏頭痛心痛瘡	右手脉實右手脉緊實		16
16	張介賓	景岳全書	1624	膠固	氣道中脘(2)	厭厭不能食霍亂嘔吐脹滿或秘或溏瘧腰痛		乘凉飮冷, 飢飽失時	7
17	許任	鍼灸經驗方	1644	塊					1
18	Unknown	本草精華	Unknown	堅		反胃噦逆			2
19	蕭塤	女科經綸	1684	流下下流	胃膀胱胸	吐涎不安帶下(2) 煩躁			3
20	閻純璽	胎産心法	1730		脾	嘔惡右脇痛			2
21	小白累人	傷寒經驗方	Unknown			腹脹			1
22	吳謙	刪補名醫方論	1742			瘧			1
23	趙廷俊	及幼方	1749			驚			1
24	許郢, 許鄢	晉寓神方	1780	停留	中腕	腹痛(2) 頭痛發熱			5
25	許郢, 許鄢	晋陽神方	Unknown	停留	中腕	哮吼頭痛發熱			3
26	李景華	廣濟秘笈	1790			痿躄			1
27	玄在德	本草類函要領	1833			心腹竝痛			1
28	黃度淵	醫宗損益	1868		胃咽膈之間	痰嗽頭痛腹痛痿百病	右脉實		6
29	錦里散人	宜彙	1871	積聚(2)	中胃脘腹上	惡心呑酸嘔吐痞滿嘈雜痿躄噫氣腹痛大便艱澁腰痛			6
30	李鎭泰	丹谷經驗方	Unknown			腹痛百病			2
31	Unknown	藏珍要編	1894	積	中		脈而沈伏		1
32	水鏡居士	依原擧綱	Unknown	積聚					1
33	松溪散人	要略	Unknown		心經	悶咳嗽上氣	浮數無力伏		2
34	Unknown	醫本	Unknown			百病			1
35	張泰慶	愚岑雜著	Unknown	流	胃	帶下			1
36	崔奎憲	小兒醫方	1912			脇痛			1
37	周命新	醫門寶鑑	1918	積聚	脾胃(2) 中咽膈之間	百病噎膈勞瘵黃瘦倦怠虛勞	脉六部俱有力, 而右關微有數		7
38	李圭晙	醫監重磨	1922	流下	胃胃膜絡脅下膀胱大小腸	蠱脹帶與漏			4
39	李永春	春鑑錄	1927			大便不通			1
40	南載喆	兩無神編	1928			齁喘			1
41	文基洪	濟世寶鑑	1933			百病			1

Appendix B

List of Enrolled References of Papers

No.	Author	Literature	Publisher	Year	Characteristics	Location	Symptom	Pulse wave Tongue feature	Eating habits Lifestyle
1	朱正	对中医诊治症瘕的体会	福建中医药	1962	症瘕痞結坚而不移或游走无定	腹部	不思纳食时生泛噁呕吐痰涎胸院满悶	脉滑而弦舌淡苔腻	飮食不节
2	陈选平, 赵玉哲	贺本绪老中医医案.	陕西中医	1981	积聚		恶心辛胃胃院嘈杂不适大便稀	脉滑
3	陈叔达	“百象汤”治疗小儿百日咳	上海中医药杂志	1981			大便千燥百日咳
4	李超	儿科医话两则	湖北中医杂志	1982		肺胃腸	腹泄
5	朱国庆	⟪金匮钩玄⟫治痰撮旨	黑龙江中医药	1984		胃口胃中中焦肠间	翻胃暖气恶心呕吐嘈杂腹痛泄泻气逆
6	陈家璋	痰积砂淋1例治验	中医杂志	1985			砂淋
7	李治方	扶正化痰通淋法治疗泌尿系结石	云南中医学院学报	1988			纳差腹胀腰腿酸痛痰积成石排尿不畅	脉缓弱而沉滑无力舌苔白腻
8	汪贻魁	皂荚在儿科的运用	中医杂志	1992	块症癖	腹中
9	Unknown	痞积	医学文选	1992			痞
10	栾佩岳	痰积致癃亟当化痰身痛不休可恃温运	上海中医药杂志	1993			癃
11	宋树乙	自拟腰复散治疗急性腰扭伤204例	中医函授通讯	1995		经络	急性腰扭伤
12	牛建义, 魏文义	浅谈下法的运用	长治医学院学报	1997	胶固	肠胃
13	时有斌	消化功能障碍证治体会	江苏中医	1997			饮食不能消化肠鸣恶心呕脘腹疼痛头眩
14	江冠亚, 蓝燕红	浅谈“善治脾者,能调五脏”	河南中医	2002		中焦	久泻	脉右关滑动舌苔黄白而腻
15	颜永潮	鹿地五虫汤治疗梨状肌综合征经验	江西中医学院学报	2002			腰痛
16	连林辉;林甦;林求诚	中西医结合治疗儿童哮喘急性发作疗效观察	中国中西医结合杂志	2004			哮喘
17	张年顺	痰病钩玄——对3部中医权威辞书有关“痰”词条的研究	山东中医药大学学报	2004			呕吐脘痛腹痛泄泻嗽腰痛心痛血崩发热虚劳
18	潘善余	脂肪肝诊治研析	中医药临床杂志	2005	流注	心	胸闷身重体倦胁痛	脉滑舌质淡红, 苔胖腻	饮酒过度嗜食肥甘厚味多见
19	卢翠飞	二陈汤治验举隅	中国民族民间医药杂志	2005			腰痛
20	徐士伟	温下法临证举隅	实用中医内科杂志	2006			冷哮
21	冷治文;王鹏	肝纤维化证治六法	中医药临床杂志	2006	日聚日坚, 难削难化
22	马宏	礞石滚痰丸服法浅探	中国中医急症	2007	胶固难祛流	经络胃肠
23	李永红	辨"性"吃菜可治病	今日科苑	2007			呕吐腹胀
24	顾析玲	中西医结合治疗声带小结69例	浙江中医杂志	2007			声音嘶哑咽干喉中异物感声带小结	苔薄腻
25	李永红, 严季澜	对 “腹痛宜和” 的认识	北京中医药	2008			腹鸣恶心腹痛大便黏腻发白眩晕	脉滑大
26	陈小明	浅淡腰痛的辨证论治	中国医药指南	2009			腰痛	脉必滑或伏
27	本刊编辑部	李学耕小儿哮喘治验	中国社区医师	2010	胶固	气道	哮喘
28	高湛	泄泻的古今诊疗概况	北京中医药大学	2010	下溜	大肠	腹鸣泻肋攻刺作痛	脉滑舌暗苔腻	饮食过当或食后即卧或肥甘纵口或临食粗咽)
29	王勇	马玉琛教授风湿性间质性肺病痰毒并治研究	中国人民解放军军医进修学院	2010	蕴		痹
30	历飞; 艾华	试析《症因脉治》论泄泻	实用中医内科杂志	2010	下溜	脾大肠	腹鸣泻头晕身重, 倦怠乏力	弦滑	饮食过当, 或食后即卧, 或肥甘纵口
31	袁国荣, 潘智敏	潘智敏教授治疗积证的学术经验	中华中医药学刊	2011	稽留而不去	肝心脑血液血脉关节肠肾肠胃之外, 募原之间	不能克化		不能按时进食, 饥饱无常久坐少动
32	高树彬, 田志伟	试论小儿 “积常有” 状态	中医杂志	2012		胃肠	纳差腹胀便溏咳有痰声面色少华
33	刘仁昌, 王光铭, 李春婷	从郁论治胃食管反流病探析	辽宁中医药大学学报	2012		胃	恶心呕吐呕吐痰涎胃脘痞满脘闷不舒胸骨后不适
34	朱星	浅谈朱丹溪论泄泻	时珍国医国药	2012			泻
35	朱星, 王明强	金元四大家论泄泻特色浅探	江西中医药	2012			泻
36	沈启刚;谭春雨	明代名医李梴论治癥积病症的学术思想研究	中华中医药学刊	2012	癥积病
37	Unknown	《黄帝内经》养生三原则	商周刊	2013	积聚
38	梁天坚	谈谈《褚氏遗书》的中医生理病理观	中国中医基础医学杂志	2013			百病
39	陈怀民	腰痛病证古代文献研究	北京中医药大学	2013			腰痛	脉必滑或伏
40	王皓宇	《名医类案》与《续名医类案》泄泻案的用药、组方及证治特点研究	黑龙江中医药大学	2013			泻
41	王群江;奚淑芳	潘智敏“五积理论”治疗代谢综合征经验	河南中医	2014		肝心脑血液血脉			饮食不节好酒者
42	Unknown	识别真假瓜蒌子	中国中医药现代远程教育	2014	滞	中脘
43	严玉莲	“积常有”理论对小儿哮喘治疗的指导作用	中医儿科杂志	2014			哮喘
44	李永红, 严季澜	短脉	中国中医药现代远程教育	2014				短脉
45	王颖	栗锦迁教授治疗痴呆经验	内蒙古中医药	2015			神明不清、智力减退
46	梁松涛	黑水城出土西夏文古佚医方“半夏茯苓汤”考述	南京中医药大学学报(社会科学版)	2017		胸膈	嘈杂痞闷短气而喘麻木眩晕
47	Unknown	中医教你一键清除这5种人体“垃圾”	山东人大工作	2018			恶心呕吐头晕目眩心悸气短
48	张盼	朱丹溪以脾为本论治泄泻特色举隅	浙江中医杂志	2020	下滞	肺大肠	泻肠鸣肋痛		饮食过多, 或食后即卧, 或肥甘纵口, 或临食粗咽
49	李博;施逸凡	于无声处听惊雷——中医医案学习心得	叙事医学	2021		中焦		脉右关滑动舌苔黄白而腻
50	熊飞达; 陈明显;傅睿	虞抟“疏利三焦, 温扶肾命”论治泄泻特色	中医文献杂志	2021	停	上焦中焦下焦	泻

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